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Chi-Yuan CHANG Koan-Yuh CHANG Wen-June WANG Charn-Ying CHEN
In this paper, an active control scheme is designed for the hybrid direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system to achieve the following three objectives simultaneously: (i) maximize the power produced by the DMFC stack in the stable operation as high loading (for avoiding the operation of DMFC in diffusion region), (ii) keep the power produced by the DMFC stack with the high efficiency as low loading, (iii) prevent the problem of methanol crossover at a very low load. Considering the characteristics of DMFC stack during actual operation, the states VP (t) and