In the PICASSO, a system for the facial caricature generation, as the basic mechanisms to extract the individuality features of faces and to deform the features have been already introduced, it is expected to realize an autonomous mechanism to evaluate facial caricatures. The evaluation should be based on the framework of human visual cognition. In the PICASSO, some visual illusions such as the Wundt-Fick illusion and the Ponzo illusion for example, are applied to evaluate the shapes of the facial parts such as eyebrows, nose, mouth and face contour, in the deformation process. In many cases, as well-deformed caricatures are evaluated to be successful, it is confirmed that the utilization of the visual illusion is effective to evaluate the results of caricatures. In this paper, some experimental results are presented together with the definition of the evaluation measures and the further subjects.

Computer image processing is becoming a helpful tool even in industrial inspections. A computerized method for welding visual inspection is proposed in this paper. This method is based on computer image processing of X-ray photograph of welding, in which the appearance information of weldments such as shape of weld bead really exists. Structural patterns are extracted at first and seven computer measures for inspection are calculated using those patterns. Software system for visual inspection is constructed based on these seven measures. It was experimentally made clear that this system can provide a performance of more than 0.85 correlation to human visual inspection. As a result, the visual inspection by computer using X-ray photograph became a promising tool to realize objectivity and quantitativity of welding inspection. Additionally, the consistency of the system, the possibility to reduce computing costs, and so on are discussed to improve the proposed method.

Thus far, there have been many reports and publications on the algorithm for the efficient generation of a circle or an ellipse by the parametric method. In this parametric method, we compute a trigonometric function only at the time of setting the initial condition for generating graphics incrementally using the recurrence formula consisting of the arithmetical operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication in the main loop. This means that the key to the faster generation of a circle or an ellipse is to reduce the number of multiplication operations. In the conventional methods, the numbers of multiplication operations required to generate a single point each for a circle and an ellipse are three and four, respectively. However, in this paper, we propose a method that makes it possible to generate a slanted ellipse by performing only two multiplication operations per point. The key to this is to use simultaneous recurrences. The proposed method allows a simpler initial setup than any of the conventional methods, thus performing the computation more efficiently. In addition, the new method proposed here causes no theoretical errors, with the rounding error being similar to or less than that of any conventional method.

Faces of a person performing freely in front of the camera can be captured in a sufficient resolution for facial parts recognition by the proposed camera system enhanced with a special PTZ camera. Head region, facial parts regions such as eyes and mouth and the borders of facial parts are extracted hierarchically by being guided by the irises and nostrils preliminarily extracted from the images of PTZ camera. In order to show the effectivity of this system, we proposed a possibility to generate the borders of facial parts of the face for the facial caricaturing and to introduce eye-contacting facial images which can eye-contact bilaterally with each other on the TV conference environment.

FITH2 algorithm defined by the equations ρ=xcosθysinθ(π/(2K)). xsinθ at 0θπ/2 and ρ=xcosθysinθ(π/(2K))ycosθ at π/2θπ is a Hough transform which requires nothing of the trigonometric and functional operations to generate the Hough distributions. It is demonstrated in ths paper that the FIHT2 is a complete alternative of the usual Hough transform (HT) defined by ρ=xcosθysinθin the sense that the both tranforms could work perfectly as a line detector. It is easy to show that the Hough curves of the FIHT2 can be generated in an incremental way where only addition operations are needed. It is also investigated that the difference between HT and FIHT2 could be estimated to be neglected.

It is very important to guarantee the quality of the industrial products by means of visual inspection. In order to reduce the soldering defect with terminal deformation and terminal burr in the manufacturing process, this paper proposes a 3D visual inspection system based on a stereo vision with single camera. It is technically noted that the base line of this single camera stereo was precisely calibrated by the image processing procedure. Also to extract the measuring point coordinates for computing disparity; the error is reduced with original algorithm. Comparing its performance with that of human inspection using industrial microscope, the proposed 3D inspection could be an alternative in precision and in processing cost. Since the practical specification in 3D precision is less than 1 pixel and the experimental performance was around the same, it was demonstrated by the proposed system that the soldering defect with terminal deformation and terminal burr in inspection, especially in 3D inspection, was decreased. In order to realize the inline inspection, this paper will suggest how the human inspection of the products could be modeled and be implemented by the computer system especially in manufacturing process.

The warp model of the extended Hough transform (EHT) has been proposed to design the explicit expression of the transform function of EHT. The warp model is a skewed parameter space (R(µ,ξ), φ(µ,ξ)) of the space (µ,ξ), which is homeomorphic to the original (ρ,θ) parameter space. We note that the introduction of the skewness of the parameter space defines the angular and positional sensitivity characteristics required in the detection of lines from the pattern space. With the intent of contributing some solutions to basic computer vision problems, we present theoretically a dynamic and centralfine/peripheral-coarse camera vision architecture by means of this warp model of Hough transform. We call this camera vision architecture askant vision' from an analogy to the human askant glance. In this paper, an outline of the EHT is briefly shown by giving three functional conditions to ensure the homeomorphic relation between (µ,ξ) and (ρ,θ) parameter spaces. After an interpretation of the warp model is presented, a procedure to provide the transform function and a central-coarse/peripheralfine Hough transform function are introduced. Then in order to realize a dynamic control mechanism, it is proposed that shifting of the origin of the pattern space leads to sinusoidal modification of the Hough parameter space.