The requirements to integrate the heterogeneous application system are rapidly emerging. When integrating heterogeneous systems, it is necessary not to violate their respective characteristics, and also the complex works related to the integration should be reduced. The on-line property of the autonomous decentralized system (ADS) provides the on-line expansion, or the on-line maintenance of the systems, and the recursive model of ADS makes it easy to integrate heterogeneous systems without violating each other. In the heterogeneous systems, the conventional reliability is not applicable, because each system has different characteristics. When a transaction is processed not only by one system, but also by the integrated heterogeneous systems, it is more guaranteed from the different points of view. The new measurement, assurance, is new proposed. The atomicity of the transaction processing in the heterogeneous systems is also defined in three levels, that is, the Global Atomic Action, the Semi-global Atomic Action and the Local Atomic Action. It is proposed to evaluate the effect of the integration of the heterogeneous systems by the non-assured risk, which represent how degree the transaction is additionally assured by the application objects from different points of view. The realization and design techniques for these atomic actions are also proposed, and the design guidance for the Global Atomic Action has been shown from the simulation results how to balance the non-assured risk and the transaction response time.

Due to the advancements in Information Technology, such as the Internet and the presence of fierce competition in the market, the business environment is changing rapidly. To cope with these dynamic changes, heterogeneous systems are now required to integrate in order to form alliances with different business units or within individual business units. Since business operations can not be stopped to carry out these changes in the existing systems, the systems are required to integrate flexibly, preserving each constituent's individual characteristics. By implementing Atomic Action through a gateway and across constituent systems in a Heterogeneous Autonomous Decentralized System (HADS), higher degrees of assurance can be achieved through cooperation. However, if all the transactions are passed through a gateway, the response time worsens and the result cannot be obtained within an appropriate timeframe. Hence, a new technique of suppressing the flow passing through the gateway, while achieving a maximum number of successful transaction within the appropriate timeframe, is required.