Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is composed of so many small sensor nodes which have limited resources. So the technique that raises energy efficiency is the key to prolong the network life time. In the paper, we propose an agent based framework which takes the biological characteristics of gene. The gene represents an operation policy to control agent behavior. Agents are aggregated to reduce duplicate transmissions in active period. And it selects next hop based on the information of neighbor agents. Among neighbors, the node which has enough energy is given higher priority. The base station processes genetic evolution to refine the behavior policy of agent. Each agent is taken latest gene and spread recursively to find the optimal gene. Our proposed framework yields sensor nodes that have the properties of self-healing, self-configuration, and self-optimization. Simulation results show that our proposed framework increases the lifetime of each node.

In MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks), there are two kinds of routing methods: proactive and reactive. Each has different characteristics and advantages. The latter generally employs the flooding technique to finding a routing path to the destination. However, flooding has big overheads caused by broadcasting RREQ packets to the entire network. Therefore, reducing this overhead is really needed to enable several network efficiencies. Previous studies introduced many approaches which are mainly concerned with the restriction of flooding. However, they usually configure the detailed routing path in the forward flooding procedure and ignore the factors causing the flooding overheads. In this paper, we propose the FSRS (First Search and Reverse Setting) routing protocol which is a new approach in flooding techniques and a new paradigm shift. FSRS is based on cluster topology and is composed of two main mechanisms: inter-cluster and intra-cluster flooding. Inter-cluster routing floods RREQ packets between cluster units and sets a cluster path. When the destination node receives the RREQ packet, it floods RREP packets to an intra-cluster destination which is a gateway to relay the RREP packet to a previous cluster. This is called intra-cluster routing. So to speak, a specific routing path configuration progresses in the RREP process through the reverse cluster path. Consequently, FSRS is a new kind of hybrid protocol well adapted to wireless ad-hoc networks. This suggests a basic wireless networking architecture to make a dynamic cluster topology in future work. In the simulation using NS-2, we compare it to several other protocols and verify that FSRS is a powerful protocol. In the result of the simulation, FSRS conserves energy by a maximum of 12% compared to HCR.