QMNF is a QoS-aware multicast routing protocol using N-hop dominating flooding and built upon a layered routing architecture. In this architecture, QMNF invites the N-hop flooding component and the shortest path routing table from OSPF by open signaling interfaces, floods the path-probing packets, and employs a two-pass resource reservation scheme to avoid unnecessary resource reservation. The QMNF is QoS-aware, loop-free, flexible and scalable, and improves network resource utilization. In our simulation, the performance of QMNF is compared with that of traditional flooding protocol with the shortest path resources reservation, a traditional flooding protocol with the widest path resources reservation, PIM and QMBF. The simulation results confirm that QMNF has a high success rate and good resource utilization, and it can distribute traffic in a network evenly.

This paper proposes a cross layer wireless VoIP service which integrates an Adaptive QoS Playout (AQP) algorithm, E-model, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) middleware and two user motion detection services. The proposed AQP algorithm integrates the effect of playout control and lost packet retransmission based on the E-model. Besides, by using the partial reliable transmission service from SCTP and the handoff notification from MIH services in a cross layer manner, AQP can reduce the lateness loss rate and improve speech quality under high frame error rates. In the simulations, the performance of AQP is compared with a fixed playout algorithm and four adaptive playout strategies. The simulation results show that the lateness loss rate of AQP is 2% lower than that of existing playout algorithms and the R-factor is 16% higher than the compared algorithms when a network has 50 ms wired propagation delay and 2.5% frame error rate.

Interactive multimedia applications (IMAs) require not only adequate bandwidth to support large volume data transmission but also bounded end-to-end transmission delay between end users. This study proposes a Delay and Degree constrained Multicasting Spanning Tree (D2MST) algorithm to build an any-to-any share tree for IMAs. D2MST comprises root selection and spanning tree generation. A weighting function is defined based on the novel concept of network center and gravity to choose the root of a share tree. From the root, a spanning tree is built by incrementally connecting nodes with larger "power" to the tree so that the degree constraint is satisfied. Simulation results show that D2MST can successfully generate a Δ-constraint MST in which a high percentage of nodes can interact within the bounded delay.

Selecting transparently a proper network connection for voice communication will be a fundamental requirement in future multi-mode heterogeneous wireless network. This paper presented a smart session selection (S3) scheme to meet this requirement. Instead of selecting a best access network as in conventional Always Best Connected (ABC) paradigm, S3 enables users to select a best network connection, which consists of source and destination access network pair, to satisfy quality constraint and users' preference. To support S3, we develop a user profile to specify network connection priority. Meanwhile IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) is extended to make smart decision for users. Finally, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to recommend a network connection with assistance of user profile and IMS signaling. An example is illustrated to show that AHP can successfully select a good network connection that fulfills the requirement of users.

This paper derived a closed-form expression for inter-flow capacity of a backhaul wireless mesh network (WMN) with centralized scheduling by employing a ring-based approach. Through the definition of an interference area, we are able to accurately describe a bottleneck collision area for a WMN and calculate the upper bound of inter-flow capacity. The closed-form expression shows that the upper bound is a function of the ratio between transmission range and network radius. Simulations and numerical analysis show that our analytic solution can better estimate the inter-flow capacity of WMNs than that of previous approach.