A regional protection system based on a wireless Ad-Hoc network has been in operation since 2008 in Shiojiri City, Japan. Wireless terminals transmit data packets to a server via transponders situated around the city. In this paper, a new routing algorithm that takes into account the level of congestion of the transponders is proposed. Using computer simulations, the proposed algorithm is shown to reduce the packet loss rate compared to the previous algorithm which is based on minimization of the number of hops to the server. Also, the proposed algorithm is shown be have almost the same packet loss rate as the best routing decisions obtained by an exhaustive search. Furthermore, the simulations used recreate the actual movement of terminals, so the results show what will happen in a realistic environment.

Recently, broadband wireless communication has been significantly enhanced; thus, frequency spectrum scarcity has become an extremely serious problem. Spatial frequency reuse based on spectrum databases has attracted significant attention. The spectrum database collects wireless environment information, such as the radio signal strength indicator (RSSI), estimates the propagation coefficient for the propagation loss and shadow effect, and finds a vacant area where the secondary system uses the frequency spectrum without harmful interference to the primary system. Wireless sensor networks are required to collect the RSSI from a radio environmental monitor. However, a large number of RSSI values should be gathered because numerous sensors are spread over the wireless environment. In this study, a data compression technique based on spatial features, such as buildings and houses, is proposed. Using computer simulation and experimental evaluation, we confirm that the proposed compression method successfully reduces the size of the RSSI and restores the original RSSI in the recovery process.

Sensor network terminals are installed in large numbers in field, and they transmit data periodically by radio. Such terminals must be miniaturized, and power must be saved so that each device can be operated by battery for several years. As one way to satisfy these two conditions, in this research we propose a terminal design that eliminates the receiver circuit. Because there is no receiver circuit, circuitry can be miniaturized, and power can be saved because there is no need to consume power to receive signals. However, the terminals cannot perform carrier detection and reception acknowledgement because there is no receiver circuit. We propose following two new protocols to solve this problem.1. Terminal transmission times are randomized to prevent frequent collisions between specific terminals due to the lack of carrier detection. 2. Since all packet losses due to collision cannot be prevented with (1), data from a number of past transmissions is included in each packet so that a later packet can provide transmission data even if a packet is lost.In this report, we describe the proposed protocol, and evaluate its performance by simulation. Furthermore, we actually prototype the system and evaluate the prototype's performance.

Event detection and recognition are important for environmental monitoring in the Internet of things and cyber-physical systems. Low power wide area (LPWA) networks are one of the most powerful wireless sensor networks to support data gathering; however, they do not afford peak wireless access from sensors that detect significant changes in sensing data. Various data gathering schemes for event detection and recognition have been proposed. However, these do not satisfy the requirement for the three functions for the detection of the occurrence of an event, the recognition of the position of an event, and the recognition of spillover of impact from an event. This study proposes a three-stage data gathering scheme for LPWA. In the first stage, the access limitation based on the comparison between the detected sensing data and the high-level threshold is effective in reducing the simultaneous accessing sensors; thus, high-speed recognition of the starting event is achieved. In the second stage, the data centre station designates the sensor to inform the sensing data to achieve high accuracy of the position estimation of the event. In the third stage, all the sensors, except for the accessing sensors in the early stage, access the data centre. Owing to the exhaustive gathering of sensing data, the spillover of impact from the event can be recognised with high accuracy. We implement the proposed data gathering scheme for the actual wireless sensor system of the LPWA. From the computer simulation and experimental evaluation, we show the advantage of the proposed scheme compared to the conventional scheme.

Landslides during heavy rainfall cause a great amount of damage in terms of both property and human life. To predict landslide disasters, we designed and implemented a wireless sensor network using our existing highly fault tolerant ad-hoc network. Since many sensors must be used, we propose a new MAC protocol that allows the network to support more sensor terminals. Our protocol is a hybrid CSMA/Psuedo-TDMA scheme which allows the terminals to decide their transmission timing independently in a random fashion. A timing beacon is not required, so power consumption can be reduced. Simulation results show that the number of terminals supported by the network can be greatly increased.

This paper is a discussion of the utilization of a campus network at Shinshu University called S-net. S-net was constructed and put into use in 1985, and a total of 48,734 persons made use of S-net in 1990. The structure of S-net is explained and then a description of its current layout is presented. The transmission capabilities of S-net are investigated and the state of utilization of the network is described. The number of S-net users by hour forms a distribution which peaks at 4:00 p.m. and again at 10:00 p.m. Furthermore, a questionnaire survey among S-net users was conducted and the requests and requirements expressed pertaining to the campus network are presented. From these results it can be seen that the demands on the campus network are great. And it was revealed that although a strong desire was voiced on one hand for improvements in the present user environment, requests concerning multi-media networks or connections to off-campus networks exist as well. Finally, the points of improvement of future S-nets based on the opinions and suggestions of the users and six years of actual operating experience with S-net are discussed.