Visible light communication is one of the key technologies for intelligent transport systems (ITS). However, current visible light communication systems require high-cost devices, such as high-speed image sensors, to support their high transmission rates. In this paper, we designed a communication system with combination of a low-speed commercial image sensor and a polygon mirror — namely, a fast-blinking light signal is scanned by the polygon mirror and captured as a residual image on the low-speed image sensor — to achieve visible light communication on existing mobile devices with high transmission rates. We also analyzed some required conditions, such as the relationship between the exposure time of the image sensor and the optimal resolution, and conducted experiments for performance evaluation. As a result, we found that the proposed system could achieve a data rate of 120bps, 10 times faster than that of the existing scheme when we compare them using the same image sensor. We also found that the proposed system can achieve a practical bit error rate in a low-noise environment.