For cloud data center, Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation is an effective way to save energy and improve efficiency. However, inappropriate consolidation of VMs, especially aggressive consolidation, can lead to performance problems, and even more serious Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations. Therefore, it is very important to solve the tradeoff between reduction in energy use and reduction of SLA violation level. In this paper, we propose two Host State Detection algorithms and an improved VM placement algorithm based on our proposed Host State Binary Decision Tree Prediction model for SLA-aware and energy-efficient consolidation of VMs in cloud data centers. We propose two formulas of conditions for host state estimate, and our model uses them to build a Binary Decision Tree manually for host state detection. We extend Cloudsim simulator to evaluate our algorithms by using PlanetLab workload and random workload. The experimental results show that our proposed model can significantly reduce SLA violation rates while keeping energy cost efficient, it can reduce the metric of SLAV by at most 98.12% and the metric of Energy by at most 33.96% for real world workload.

Cloud data center services, such as video on demand (VoD) and sensor data monitoring, have become popular. The quality of service (QoS) between a client and a cloud data center should be assured by satisfying each service's required bandwidth and delay. Multipath traffic engineering is effective for dispersing traffic flows on a network; therefore, an improved k-shortest paths first (k-SPF) algorithm is applied to these cloud data center services to satisfy their required QoS. k-SPF can create a set of multipaths between a cloud data center and all edge routers, to which client nodes are connected, within one algorithm process. Thus, k-SPF can produce k shortest simple paths between a cloud data center and every access router faster than with conventional Yen's algorithm. By using a parameter in the algorithm, k-SPF can also impartially use links on a network and shorten the average hop-count and number of necessary MPLS labels for multiple paths that comprise a multipath.