Timing and frequency offsets are caused by imperfect synchronization at the receiver. These errors degrade the performance of OFDM systems by introducing inter-carrier-interference (ICI) and inter-symbol-interference (ISI). In this paper, we derive signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) analytically with timing and frequency offsets for the case that the sampling rate of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in OFDM receiver is an integer fraction of the signal bandwidth. We find the exact form of interference power as a function of the fractional sampling rate. Our derived analysis is confirmed by simulations and can be applied to see the exact performance of OFDM systems with fractional sampling rate.

A diversity scheme with Fractional Sampling (FS) in OFDM receivers has been investigated recently. FS path diversity makes use of the imaging components of the desired signal transmitted on the adjacent channel. To increase the diversity gain with FS the bandwidth of the transmit signal has to be enlarged. This leads to the reduction of spectrum efficiency. In this paper non-orthogonal access over multiple channels in the frequency domain with iterative interference cancellation (IIC) and FS is proposed. The proposed scheme transmits the imaging component non-orthogonally on the adjacent channel. In order to accommodate the imaging component, it is underlaid on the other desired signal. Through diversity with FS and IIC, non-orthogonal access on multiple channels is realized. Our proposed scheme can obtain diversity gains for non-orthogonal signals modulated with QPSK.

In this paper, an imaging components transmission scheme for the improvement of multipath delay resolution in a Fractional Sampling (FS) OFDM receiver is proposed. FS has been proposed as a diversity scheme and achieves path diversity by enlarging the bandwidth of the baseband filters in order to transmit the imaging components of the desired signal. However, FS is not able to achieve diversity with very short delay multipaths because of its low multipath delay resolution. Wider bandwidth of the transmission signal is required to improve the resolution of the delay. On the other hand, cognitive radio is an emerging technology to utilize frequency spectrum flexibly through dynamic spectrum access (DSA). To resolve the small delay multipaths and to use the spectrum flexibly with DSA, this paper investigates the FS path diversity with the imaging components on the separated frequency channel. The correlation between the 2 FS branches is analyzed theoretically on the 2 path channel under the conditions of sampling interval, delay spread, and frequency separation. Numerical results through computer simulation show that the proposed scheme improves the multipath resolution and the bit error rate (BER) performance under the existence of small delay multipaths.

Fractional sampling (FS) and Doppler diversity equalization in OFDM receivers can achieve two types of diversity (path diversity and frequency diversity) simultaneously on time-varying multipath channels. However FS with a higher sampling rate requires the large amount of complexity in demodulation. In this paper, a novel sampling point selection (SPS) scheme with MMSE equalization in FS-OFDM receivers is proposed. On fast time-varying multipath channels, the proposed scheme selects the appropriate samples from the fractionally sampled signals. Through the computer simulation, it is demonstrated that with the proposed scheme, both path diversity gain and Doppler diversity gain can increase as compared to a conventional non-SPS scheme.

Through fractional sampling (FS) it is possible to separate multipath components and achieve path diversity. However, if no path component whose delay corresponds to the sampling point, FS cannot obtain diversity gain. In this paper, a novel scheme to improve the performance with FS over a sparse multipath channel is proposed. The proposed scheme uses multiple transmit antennas and sends multiple signals with fractional delays. The performance improvement with the proposed scheme is confirmed through computer simulation. It is shown that the proposed scheme increases the capacity of a MIMO-OFDM system by a factor of 1.5 to 2 and improves the BER performance on the sparse multipath channels.

A diversity scheme with Fractional Sampling (FS) in an OFDM receiver has been investigated recently. Through FS, it is possible to separate multipath components and obtain diversity gain in OFDM systems. Enlargement of the bandwidth of the total frequency response between transmit and receive baseband filters allows the FS scheme to achieve path diversity. However, the transmit filter has to be designed according to the spectrum mask of the wireless standards such as IEEE802.11a/g to avoid interference to the other communication systems and the frequency response of the composite channel including the transmit and receive filters has often been set to minimal bandwidth to eliminate adjacent channel signals. In order to achieve the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the same filter is commonly used in the transmitter and the receiver. In this paper, the trade-off among the SNR deterioration, adjacent channel interference, and the diversity gain due to the enlargement of the bandwidth of the receive filter is investigated. Numerical results from computer simulations indicate that the BER performance with wider bandwidth in the receiver shows better performance than that with the minimal bandwidth for maximizing the SNR in certain conditions.

In a Direct-Sequence/Spread-Spectrum (DS/SS) system, a RAKE receiver is used to improve a bit error rate (BER) performance. The RAKE receiver can collect more signal energy through independent paths and achieve path diversity. The RAKE receiver obtains further diversity gain through fractional sampling. However, the power consumption of the RAKE receiver increases in proportion to a sampling rate and does not always maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, sampling rate selection schemes have been proposed to reduce the average sampling rate without degrading the BER. These schemes select the tap positions and the sampling rate depending on channel conditions and the power consumption can be reduced. In this paper, sampling rate selection schemes for the DS/SS system are investigated through an experiment since there have been no numerical results through an experiment. Numerical results show that the power consumption can be reduced even through the experiment without the degradation of the BER.

In this paper, the effect of the impulse response of pulse shaping filters on a fractional sampling orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (FS OFDM) system is investigated. FS achieves path diversity with a single antenna through oversampling and subcarrier-based maximal ratio combining (MRC). Though the oversampling increases diversity order, correlation among noise components may deteriorate bit error rate (BER) performance. To clarify the relationship between the impulse response of the pulse shaping filter and the BER performance, five different pulse shaping filters are evaluated in the FS OFDM system. Numerical results of computer simulations show that the Frobenius norm of a whitening matrix corresponding to the pulse shaping filter has significant effect on the BER performance especially with a small numbers of subcarriers. It is also shown that metric adjustment based on the Frobenius norm improves BER performance of the coded FS OFDM system.

The IEEE802.11b WLAN standard employs direct-sequence/spread-spectrum (DS/SS) modulation. With a fractional sampling RAKE receiver, it is possible to achieve diversity and reduce the BER in DS/SS communication. In order to realize the diversity through fractional sampling, the impulse response of the channel must be estimated. In this paper, a channel estimation scheme for a RAKE receiver with fractional sampling in IEEE802.11b WLAN system is investigated through a computer simulation and an experiment. In order to estimate the impulse response of the channel, a pseudo-inverse matrix with a threshold is employed. Numerical results indicate that the channel can be estimated with an optimum threshold in both the simulation and the experiment.

Through fractional sampling, it is possible to separate multipath components and achieve diversity gain. However, power consumption grows as the sampling rate increases. This paper proposes a novel scheme for OFDM systems that selects the sampling rate according to the channel's frequency response. Numerical results through computer simulation show that the proposed sampling rate selection scheme reduces power consumption by reducing oversampling ratio when delay spread is small.

This paper proposes a new blind adaptive MLSE equalizer for frequency selective mobile radio channels. The proposed equalizer performs channel estimation for each survivor path of the Viterbi algorithm (VA), and restricts the number of symbol candidates for the channel estimation in order to reduce prohibitive complexity. In such channel estimation, autocorrelation matrices of the symbol candidates are likely to become singular, which increases the estimation error. To cope with the singularity, the proposed equalizer employs a recursive channel estimation algorithm using the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of the autocorrelation matrix. As another problem, the blind channel estimation can yield plural optimal estimates of a channel impulse response, and the ambiguity of the estimates degrades the BER performance. To avoid this ambiguity, the proposed equalizer is enhanced so that it can take advantage of the fractional sampling. The enhanced equalizer performs symbol-spaced channel estimation for each fractional sampling phase. This equalizer combines separate channel estimation errors, and provides the sum to the VA processor as the branch metric, which tremendously reduces the probability that a correct estimate turns into a false one. Computer simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed equalizers in the frequency selective fading channels.

This paper proposes a new digitized group modulator for radio base station transmitters of multi-carrier TDMA. This group modulator can flexibly set carrier spacing and features a simple construction as a result of employing the Simple Fractional Sampling technique. A group modulator LSI was designed and built using 0.5-µm BiCMOS technology, and a π/4-shifted QPSK group modulator was constructed using this LSI. Experiments confirm that the modulator simultaneously generates multiple carriers in a wide bandwidth without the need for precise adjustment and there is little difference between each of the carriers in terms of BER performance. Moreover, experiments confirm that the group modulator's burst-output (frequency hopping) performance is excellent.