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Yuji IWAHORI Robert J. WOODHAM Masahiro OZAKI Hidekazu TANAKA Naohiro ISHII
An implementation of photometric stereo is described in which all directions of illumination are close to and rotationally symmetric about the viewing direction. THis has practical value but gives rise to a problem that is numerically ill-conditioned. Ill-conditioning is overcome in two ways. First, many more than the theoretical minimum number of images are acquired. Second, principal components analysis (PCA) is used as a linear preprocessing technique to determine a reduced dimensionality subspace to use as input. The approach is empirical. The ability of a radial basis function (RBF) neural network to do non-parametric functional approximation is exploited. One network maps image irradiance to surface normal. A second network maps surface normal to image irradiance. The two networks are trained using samples from a calibration sphere. Comparison between the actual input and the inversely predicted input is used as a confidence estimate. Results on real data are demonstrated.