Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) allows devices automatic discovery and control of services available in those devices connected to a Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network. Although many products are designed using UPnP, little attention has been given to UPnP related to modeling and performance analysis. This paper uses a framework of Generalized Stochastic Petri Net (GSPN) to model and analyze the behavior of UPnP systems. The framework includes modeling UPnP, reachability decomposition, GSPN analysis, and reward assignment. Then, the Platform Independent Petri net Editor 2 (PIPE2) tool is used to model and evaluate the controllers in terms of power consumption, system utilization and network throughput. Through quantitative analysis, the steady states in the operation and notification stage dominate the system performance, and the control point is better than the device in power consumption but the device outperforms the control point in evaluating utilization. The framework and numerical results are useful to improve the quality of services provided in UPnP devices.

This paper presents a design of an asynchronous peer-to-peer half-duplex/full-duplex-selectable data-transfer system on-chip interconnected. The data-transfer method between channels is based on a 1-phase signaling scheme realized by using multiple-valued current-mode (MVCM) circuits and encoding, which performs high-speed communication. A data transmission is selectable by adding a mode-detection circuit that observes data-transmission modes; full-duplex, half-duplex and standby modes. Especially, since current sources are completely cut off during the standby mode, the power dissipation can be greatly reduced. Moreover, both half-duplex and full-duplex communication can be realized by sharing a common circuit except a signal-level conversion circuit. The proposed interface is implemented using 0.18-µm CMOS, and its performance improvement is discussed in comparison with those of the other ordinary asynchronous methods.

The Bluetooth system provides point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communications with no peer-to-peer communication. For peer-to-peer communication, a slave should be able to communicate with other slaves as well as a master. To do this, the master should indirectly forward the packets. However, the end-to-end delay of forwarding packets may be increased because the packets should be forwarded at network layer. Forwarding packets for peer-to-peer communications may also bring about some needless waste of wireless resource. In this paper, we propose the addressing policy for efficient peer-to-peer communications in Bluetooth. We also address the dynamic master selection policy in which a master is dynamically selected in order to minimize the average channel occupancy. To dynamically change master in a piconet, the master-slave switching should be executed as soon as possible. Therefore, we propose the fast master-slave switching mechanism in order to minimize the switching delay. It is observed from the simulations that our proposed policies perform better than the naive Bluetooth specification.