On-Line Japanese Character Recognition Based on Flexible Pattern Matching Method Using Normalization-Cooperative Feature Extraction

Masahiko HAMANAKA; Keiji YAMADA; Jun TSUKUMO

On-Line Japanese Character Recognition Based on Flexible Pattern Matching Method Using Normalization-Cooperative Feature Extraction

Masahiko HAMANAKA, Keiji YAMADA, Jun TSUKUMO

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This paper shows that when a pattern matching method used in optical character readers is highly accurate, it can be used effectively in on-line Japanese character recognition. Stroke matching methods used in previous conventional on-line character recognition have restricted the number and the order of strokes. On the other hand, orientation-feature pattern matching methods avoid these restrictions. The authors have improved a pattern matching method with the development in the flexible pattern matching (FPM) method, based on nonlinear shape normalization and nonlinear pattern matching, which includes the normalization-cooperative feature extraction (NCFE) method. These improvements have increased the recognition rate from 81.9% to 95.9%, when applied to the off-line database ETL-9 from the Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan. When applied on-line to the examination of 151,533 Kanji and Hiragana characters in 3,036 categories, the recognition rate achieved 94.0%, while the cumulative recognition rate within the best ten candidates was 99.1%.

Publication: IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information Vol.E77-D No.7 pp.825-831

Publication Date: 1994/07/25

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Type of Manuscript: Special Section PAPER (Special Issue on Document Analysis and Recognition)

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Masahiko HAMANAKA, Keiji YAMADA, Jun TSUKUMO, "On-Line Japanese Character Recognition Based on Flexible Pattern Matching Method Using Normalization-Cooperative Feature Extraction" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information, vol. E77-D, no. 7, pp. 825-831, July 1994, doi: .
Abstract: This paper shows that when a pattern matching method used in optical character readers is highly accurate, it can be used effectively in on-line Japanese character recognition. Stroke matching methods used in previous conventional on-line character recognition have restricted the number and the order of strokes. On the other hand, orientation-feature pattern matching methods avoid these restrictions. The authors have improved a pattern matching method with the development in the flexible pattern matching (FPM) method, based on nonlinear shape normalization and nonlinear pattern matching, which includes the normalization-cooperative feature extraction (NCFE) method. These improvements have increased the recognition rate from 81.9% to 95.9%, when applied to the off-line database ETL-9 from the Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan. When applied on-line to the examination of 151,533 Kanji and Hiragana characters in 3,036 categories, the recognition rate achieved 94.0%, while the cumulative recognition rate within the best ten candidates was 99.1%.
URL: https://global.ieice.org/en_transactions/information/10.1587/e77-d_7_825/_p

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@ARTICLE{e77-d_7_825,
author={Masahiko HAMANAKA, Keiji YAMADA, Jun TSUKUMO, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information},
title={On-Line Japanese Character Recognition Based on Flexible Pattern Matching Method Using Normalization-Cooperative Feature Extraction},
year={1994},
volume={E77-D},
number={7},
pages={825-831},
abstract={This paper shows that when a pattern matching method used in optical character readers is highly accurate, it can be used effectively in on-line Japanese character recognition. Stroke matching methods used in previous conventional on-line character recognition have restricted the number and the order of strokes. On the other hand, orientation-feature pattern matching methods avoid these restrictions. The authors have improved a pattern matching method with the development in the flexible pattern matching (FPM) method, based on nonlinear shape normalization and nonlinear pattern matching, which includes the normalization-cooperative feature extraction (NCFE) method. These improvements have increased the recognition rate from 81.9% to 95.9%, when applied to the off-line database ETL-9 from the Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan. When applied on-line to the examination of 151,533 Kanji and Hiragana characters in 3,036 categories, the recognition rate achieved 94.0%, while the cumulative recognition rate within the best ten candidates was 99.1%.},
keywords={},
doi={},
ISSN={},
month={July},}

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TY - JOUR
TI - On-Line Japanese Character Recognition Based on Flexible Pattern Matching Method Using Normalization-Cooperative Feature Extraction
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
SP - 825
EP - 831
AU - Masahiko HAMANAKA
AU - Keiji YAMADA
AU - Jun TSUKUMO
PY - 1994
DO -
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
SN -
VL - E77-D
IS - 7
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
Y1 - July 1994
AB - This paper shows that when a pattern matching method used in optical character readers is highly accurate, it can be used effectively in on-line Japanese character recognition. Stroke matching methods used in previous conventional on-line character recognition have restricted the number and the order of strokes. On the other hand, orientation-feature pattern matching methods avoid these restrictions. The authors have improved a pattern matching method with the development in the flexible pattern matching (FPM) method, based on nonlinear shape normalization and nonlinear pattern matching, which includes the normalization-cooperative feature extraction (NCFE) method. These improvements have increased the recognition rate from 81.9% to 95.9%, when applied to the off-line database ETL-9 from the Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan. When applied on-line to the examination of 151,533 Kanji and Hiragana characters in 3,036 categories, the recognition rate achieved 94.0%, while the cumulative recognition rate within the best ten candidates was 99.1%.
ER -