IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
A Portable Load Balancer with ECMP Redundancy for Container Clusters
Summary :
Linux container technology and clusters of the containers are expected to make web services consisting of multiple web servers and a load balancer portable, and thus realize easy migration of web services across the different cloud providers and on-premise datacenters. This prevents service to be locked-in a single cloud provider or a single location and enables users to meet their business needs, e.g., preparing for a natural disaster. However existing container management systems lack the generic implementation to route the traffic from the internet into the web service consisting of container clusters. For example, Kubernetes, which is one of the most popular container management systems, is heavily dependent on cloud load balancers. If users use unsupported cloud providers or on-premise datacenters, it is up to users to route the traffic into their cluster while keeping the redundancy and scalability. This means that users could easily be locked-in the major cloud providers including GCP, AWS, and Azure. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a group of containerized load balancers with ECMP redundancy. We containerize Linux ipvs and exabgp, and then implement an experimental system using standard Linux boxes and open source software. We also reveal that our proposed system properly route the traffics with redundancy. Our proposed load balancers are usable even if the infrastructure does not have supported load balancers by Kubernetes and thus free users from lock-ins.
- Publication
- IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information Vol.E102-D No.5 pp.974-987
- Publication Date
- 2019/05/01
- Publicized
- 2019/02/27
- Online ISSN
- 1745-1361
- DOI
- 10.1587/transinf.2018NTP0022
- Type of Manuscript
- Special Section PAPER (Special Section on the Architectures, Protocols, and Applications for the Future Internet)
- Category
Authors
Kimitoshi TAKAHASHI
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies,Cluster Computing Inc.
Kento AIDA
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies,National Institute of Infomatics
Tomoya TANJO
National Institute of Infomatics
Jingtao SUN
National Institute of Infomatics
Kazushige SAGA
National Institute of Infomatics
Keyword
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Kimitoshi TAKAHASHI, Kento AIDA, Tomoya TANJO, Jingtao SUN, Kazushige SAGA, "A Portable Load Balancer with ECMP Redundancy for Container Clusters" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information,
vol. E102-D, no. 5, pp. 974-987, May 2019, doi: 10.1587/transinf.2018NTP0022.
Abstract: Linux container technology and clusters of the containers are expected to make web services consisting of multiple web servers and a load balancer portable, and thus realize easy migration of web services across the different cloud providers and on-premise datacenters. This prevents service to be locked-in a single cloud provider or a single location and enables users to meet their business needs, e.g., preparing for a natural disaster. However existing container management systems lack the generic implementation to route the traffic from the internet into the web service consisting of container clusters. For example, Kubernetes, which is one of the most popular container management systems, is heavily dependent on cloud load balancers. If users use unsupported cloud providers or on-premise datacenters, it is up to users to route the traffic into their cluster while keeping the redundancy and scalability. This means that users could easily be locked-in the major cloud providers including GCP, AWS, and Azure. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a group of containerized load balancers with ECMP redundancy. We containerize Linux ipvs and exabgp, and then implement an experimental system using standard Linux boxes and open source software. We also reveal that our proposed system properly route the traffics with redundancy. Our proposed load balancers are usable even if the infrastructure does not have supported load balancers by Kubernetes and thus free users from lock-ins.
URL: https://global.ieice.org/en_transactions/information/10.1587/transinf.2018NTP0022/_p
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@ARTICLE{e102-d_5_974,
author={Kimitoshi TAKAHASHI, Kento AIDA, Tomoya TANJO, Jingtao SUN, Kazushige SAGA, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information},
title={A Portable Load Balancer with ECMP Redundancy for Container Clusters},
year={2019},
volume={E102-D},
number={5},
pages={974-987},
abstract={Linux container technology and clusters of the containers are expected to make web services consisting of multiple web servers and a load balancer portable, and thus realize easy migration of web services across the different cloud providers and on-premise datacenters. This prevents service to be locked-in a single cloud provider or a single location and enables users to meet their business needs, e.g., preparing for a natural disaster. However existing container management systems lack the generic implementation to route the traffic from the internet into the web service consisting of container clusters. For example, Kubernetes, which is one of the most popular container management systems, is heavily dependent on cloud load balancers. If users use unsupported cloud providers or on-premise datacenters, it is up to users to route the traffic into their cluster while keeping the redundancy and scalability. This means that users could easily be locked-in the major cloud providers including GCP, AWS, and Azure. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a group of containerized load balancers with ECMP redundancy. We containerize Linux ipvs and exabgp, and then implement an experimental system using standard Linux boxes and open source software. We also reveal that our proposed system properly route the traffics with redundancy. Our proposed load balancers are usable even if the infrastructure does not have supported load balancers by Kubernetes and thus free users from lock-ins.},
keywords={},
doi={10.1587/transinf.2018NTP0022},
ISSN={1745-1361},
month={May},}
Copy
TY - JOUR
TI - A Portable Load Balancer with ECMP Redundancy for Container Clusters
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
SP - 974
EP - 987
AU - Kimitoshi TAKAHASHI
AU - Kento AIDA
AU - Tomoya TANJO
AU - Jingtao SUN
AU - Kazushige SAGA
PY - 2019
DO - 10.1587/transinf.2018NTP0022
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
SN - 1745-1361
VL - E102-D
IS - 5
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
Y1 - May 2019
AB - Linux container technology and clusters of the containers are expected to make web services consisting of multiple web servers and a load balancer portable, and thus realize easy migration of web services across the different cloud providers and on-premise datacenters. This prevents service to be locked-in a single cloud provider or a single location and enables users to meet their business needs, e.g., preparing for a natural disaster. However existing container management systems lack the generic implementation to route the traffic from the internet into the web service consisting of container clusters. For example, Kubernetes, which is one of the most popular container management systems, is heavily dependent on cloud load balancers. If users use unsupported cloud providers or on-premise datacenters, it is up to users to route the traffic into their cluster while keeping the redundancy and scalability. This means that users could easily be locked-in the major cloud providers including GCP, AWS, and Azure. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a group of containerized load balancers with ECMP redundancy. We containerize Linux ipvs and exabgp, and then implement an experimental system using standard Linux boxes and open source software. We also reveal that our proposed system properly route the traffics with redundancy. Our proposed load balancers are usable even if the infrastructure does not have supported load balancers by Kubernetes and thus free users from lock-ins.
ER -
English
