This paper presents improved versions of three-stage positive-output and two-stage negative-output Dickson charge-pump circuits which are intended to replace switching regulators in video-product CCD driver applications (where 12 V and -6.5 V are needed), and are designed and fabricated in a custom CMOS process. From a power supply Vdd of 4.0 to 5.5 V, the positive charge pump generates a positive output voltage of greater than 3.9Vdd, while the negative charge pump generates a negative voltage of greater than -1.9Vdd, both with efficiencies of greater than 94% at 2 mA output currents.

This paper presents a 0.5Vdd-step pumping method for Dickson-type charge-pump circuits that achieve high overall efficiency, including regulator circuitry, even at large output currents, and these circuits are targeted at mobile equipment applications. We have designed positive and negative charge-pump circuits which use a 0.5Vdd-step pumping method, are implemented with advanced control functions, and are fabricated with our custom CMOS process. Measured results showed that efficiency of a 2.5-stage positive charge-pump circuit before regulation is more than 93% (power supply Vdd=5 V, output voltage Vout=16.9 V 3.5Vdd, output current Iout=4 mA), and that of a 1.5-stage negative charge-pump circuit is 93% (power supply Vdd=5 V, output voltage Vout=-7.2 V -1.5Vdd, output current Iout=4 mA).