Existing solid models often contain redundant primitives and null blocks, which both slows down the rendering process and makes the process complex. There has been recent progress toward solving this problem, but existing modeling schemes cannot support eliminating all the redundancies, especially the null blocks, from the solid models. This paper proposed a technique that can eliminate redundancies. By dividing a primitive into some surface dispersed points, a new primitive representation is obtained. The sample segments of the primitive or the object are used to locate composition position to prevent the null primitives from being generated. By drawing out the geometric shape points set corresponding to a common acting area, the volume boundary of a primitive or an object is evaluated by only the Boolean set operations. The null blocks can be picked out in terms of the volume boundary. The resulting solid model generated in this way has no redundancies and is suitable for fast rendering of the image.

Presently, many identity-based proxy signature (IBPS) schemes have been proposed, but most of them require high computational costs and the proposed security model for IBPS is not enough complete. To overcome this weakness, Gu et al. recently proposed a framework and a detailed security model for IBPS. They also proposed an efficient IBPS scheme and proved the unforgeability of their scheme in the standard model. However, in this letter, we demonstrate that Gu et al.'s scheme fails to satisfy the property of unforgeability because it can not resist the following attacks: after getting a private key, an adversary behaving as a malicious signer can forge a private key on any identity without the help of the private key generator (PKG); after getting a delegation, an adversary behaving as a malicious proxy signer can forge a proxy signing key on any delegation without the agreement of the original signer; after getting a signature, an adversary behaving as a malicious user can forge a signature on any identity without the private key or forge a proxy signature on any warrant without the proxy signing key.

This paper proposes an improved discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based channel estimation technique for time domain synchronous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TDS-OFDM) communication systems. The proposed technique, based on the concept of significant channel tap detector (SCTD) scheme, can effectively improve the system performance of TDS-OFDM systems. The correlation of two successive preambles is employed to estimate the average noise power as the threshold for obtaining the SCTD threshold estimation error and loss path information in large delay spread channel environments. The proposed estimation scheme roughly predicts the noise power in order to choose the significant channel taps to estimate the channel impulse response. Some comparative simulations are given to show that the proposed technique has the potential to achieve bit error rate performance superior to that of the conventional least squares channel estimation.

It is an important topic to express solid objects in CAD, CAM and CG with a uniform way. In this article, a constructive dispersed surface points-set model (CDSPM) is proposed. CDSPM is made up by extracting the dispersed surface points sets from the simpler shapes, and then compose the points sets through a sequence of new defined Boolean set operation rules. Using these rules, solid object can be defined step by step, and the redundant data can be easily eliminated. In the article, a novel rendering method using the CDSPM medel data is introduced. A re-projection and pixel interpolation method enable us to effectively generate a reasonable image from a set of discrete surface points.