Topology of a network greatly affects the network performance. Depending on the purpose of a network, a specific topology may perform much better than any other topologies. Since the ad hoc networks are formed for a specific purpose, determining, and constructing the network topology based on the application requirements will enhance system performance. This paper proposes Bluetooth scatternet forming protocol in which the network topology is determined by three parameters. The parameters affecting the topology are the number of maximum slaves in a piconet, the number of maximum piconets that a gateway Bluetooth device can service, and the number of loops needed in the formed scatternet. These parameters can be read from a script file prior to the network formation. This process of reading the important parameters from the file would give users freedom in determining the network topology. The proposed protocol also includes a role negotiation process to accommodate different capabilities of the participating devices. The negotiation process of the protocol allows the resource-limited nodes to participate in the network. Different types of scatternet topologies like star, mesh, ring and line can be formed by specifying the parameters. This paper also discusses theoretical information necessary for calculating network topologies in detail. The protocol is verified with help of simulations, and implementations using commercially available Bluetooth devices. The detailed results are also presented in this paper.

End-to-end delay and loss measurement is an efficient way for a host to examine the network performance. Unnoticed clock errors that influence the accuracy of the timestamp may result in fatal system errors. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics and defects of the existing clock distortion adjustment algorithms. Those algorithms are not applicable to process a long-term delay trace, which contains periodical NTP clock adjustment. Therefore, we propose a relatively robust algorithm to resolve the problem. The algorithm employs window function to partition the long-term trace into short segments, improves the precision of the estimation of the time and amount of NTP clock adjustment To evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm, we practice it in adjusting the clock distortion of the real delay traces collected from Internet. The results indicate that our proposed algorithm has excellent effect on the removal of the clock distortion from the long-term delay traces.