This paper proposes the sleep stage estimation method that can provide an accurate estimation for each person without connecting any devices to human's body. In particular, our method learns the appropriate multiple band-pass filters to extract the specific wave pattern of heartbeat, which is required to estimate the sleep stage. For an accurate estimation, this paper employs Learning Classifier System (LCS) as the data-mining techniques and extends it to estimate the sleep stage. Extensive experiments on five subjects in mixed health confirm the following implications: (1) the proposed method can provide more accurate sleep stage estimation than the conventional method, and (2) the sleep stage estimation calculated by the proposed method is robust regardless of the physical condition of the subject.

In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm of quick routing for private Wireless ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks. This algorithm uses hierarchical source routing, which first establishes a connection between the sending node and the home node (which has the terminal location information), and then, partially releases the connection and reroutes it between the sending node and the receiving node. This results in less delay than found in other conventional routing methods, and avoids passing through congested nodes, because this algorithm uses traffic estimation based on queuing theory. We also show the effectiveness of this algorithm with the use of computer simulations.

On March 11, 2011, a huge tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake destroyed all the electrical power facilities in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. As a result, the reactors were badly damaged, and radioactive particles were widely scattered in the surrounding areas. In order to study the behavior of the radioactive particles emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, different measurement tools were developed. This paper describes two types of wireless radiation sensor networks and a two-dimensional radiation-level mapping system using a radio-controlled multi-copter. The measurements were analyzed, and the following conclusions were made regarding the radioactive particle distribution and its variation with time.(1) Radiation level has gradually decreased with time.(2) The rate of decrease in radiation is faster than that calculated from the half-life.(3) The radiation-level distribution is not uniform and sharply varies even within short distances such as tens of meters.(4) The locations of the hot spots have not changed, and the peak radiation levels are constantly decreasing.By using two-dimensional maps, the radiation levels can be lowered more effectively by selectively removing the highly radioactive materials. The residents can also use the map to reduce their exposure to radiation by avoiding hot spots.

In cellular systems, particular in the cell edge, the user terminals (UTs) are suffered from the attenuation of the signal from their target base station (BS) and the relatively strong interferences from BSs of other users. This paper investigates the performance improvement under this bad situation by BS cooperation (BSC) in the downlink scenario using multiantenna transmission assuming the perfect channel state information (CSI), and compares the effectiveness of several strategies based on a three cell model. Through computer simulations, the performance improvement by BSC is verified. Then the result is extended to multiple stream transmission utilizing the feature of multiantenna, and advantage of BSC with data sharing is shown.

In relation to the Software Defined Radio (SDR) concept, an experimental simulation system was developed. Likewise, verification tests were performed in order to validate the envisaged SDR certification processes including its development, certification, distribution, and software installation assuming the future possibility of exchanging the software in the field.

This letter presents a low-profile printed monopole wideband antenna for mobile terminals. The proposed antenna is simply structured with an inverted-L strip, which occupies the small area of 3180.8 mm3 (0.023λL0.138λL0.006λL at lower frequency edge of 2.3 GHz) on a substrate which is perpendicular to the circuit board of the terminal. The height of the upright substrate is only 3 mm (3.8 mm including the circuit board). The proposed antenna achieves a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 59.7% ranging from 2.16 GHz to 4 GHz, which can cover which can cover the 2.4 GHz WLAN (2.4-2.4835 GHz) and WiMAX (2.3-2.4/2.495-2.69/3.4-3.6 GHz) operational bands. It is suitable for application to a multiband mobile phone due to its relatively low profile.

The proposed medium access protocol deals especially with the timely-transmission of real-time packets in wireless multimedia networks where users of many types of traffic are present. It works based on Time Division Multiple Access/Time Division Duplex (TDMA/TDD) technique and fixed-length packet switching incorporating two different policies to work differently on either non-congestion or congestion periods. In the policy to deal with congestion periods the concept of urgent packet has been introduced as any packet whose transmission deadline is on the next frame. Hence, during periods of congestion users inform to the Base Station the number and average deadline of the urgent packets in their buffers through requirement messages. According to that information the system is able to distribute its resources in a more efficient way during periods of congestion making the real-time packet loss rate decrease considerably. The simulation results show a very good performance of the method in networks where different types of traffic coexist even under high traffic-load conditions. The results also show a good trade-off characteristic between the real-time access delay and the buffer occupancy of non-real time terminals during congestion periods.

Recent cellular systems have excellent performances, such as high quality, compactness, low power consumption and low cost, owing not only to digital technologies but also to various RF device technologies, especially amplifier technologies. This paper describes base station RF technologies that contributed for the improvement of base station equipment. Future mobile system will provide much higher bitrate services in the higher frequency band. Requirements and new technologies that are expected for RF equipment of the future base stations are also discussed.

Mobile radio and Internet communications services are penetrating our society at an exponential rate of growth. The Internet is the most important driving force towards establishing a multimedia society. Mobile communication systems add an important capability to our communications society, i. e. , mobility. The third generation mobile communications system called IMT-2000 is expected to play an important role in this soon-to- arrive multimedia society. Wideband mobile services based on IMT-2000 will soon become a reality (early 2001). First, we look at the trends of wireless access technologies, centering on IMT-2000. Wideband direct sequence code division multiple access (W-CDMA) will be a major component of a global IMT-2000 standard. Then, we address advanced wireless techniques, i. e. , interference cancellation and employing an adaptive antenna array, which can enhance W-CDMA at a later date. Finally, requirements are discussed for future wireless techniques that will support a fully mobile multimedia communications society.