We define the term sensor node profile (SNP) in IEEE 802.15.4, which considers the transmitting data type as well as a variety of nodal characteristics which are able to manage the channels of each node by using the SNP. Through the use of the SNP the nodes are able to maximize the channel resource usage, which could form the basis of algorithms that can provide the required Quality of Service (QoS).

In a ZigBee network, a finite address space is allocated to every potential parent device and a device may disallow a join request once this address space is exhausted. When a new node (child) requests to a coordinator (parent) to join a ZigBee network, the coordinator checks its address space. If it has sufficient address space, the coordinator accepts the new node as its child in the ZigBee network. If the new node has router capability (JoinAsRouter), it becomes a router in the ZigBee network. However, this association procedure makes ZigBee networks inefficient for routing, because the coordinator checks only the maximum and current numbers of child nodes. In the worst case, the network will be arranged so that the router nodes are crowded in the network. Therefore, we propose the KMCD-IME (Keeping the Maximum Communication Distance and Initial Mutual Exclusion among router nodes) algorithm with two additional conditions when a new node joins the ZigBee network. The first condition maintains the maximum communication distance between the new node and the would-be parent node. The second condition is the Initial Mutual Exclusion among router nodes. The router nodes are evenly spread across the network by KMCD-IME and an effective routing topology is formed. Therefore, the KMCD-IME algorithm extends the lifetime of the ZigBee network.

Currently, there are various routing methods that consider the energy in a wireless sensor environment. The algorithm we consider is a low-rate wireless personal area network, viz., 802.15.4, and ZigBee routing network. Considering, the overall organization of the network energy efficiency, we suggest a logical position exchange (LPE) algorithm between specified nodes. Logical positioning means connecting high sub-networks and low sub-networks based on the neighbor nodes information of the address ID, and depth in the ZigBee tree topology network. When one of the nodes of the tree topology network, which is responsible for connecting multiple low sub-networks and high sub-networks, has difficulty performing its important roles in the network, because of energy exhaustion, it exchanges essential information and entrusts logical positioning to another node that is capable of it. A partial change in the logical topology enhances the energy efficiency in the network.

Recently, IEEE 802.15.4 has been standardized for WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). This paper proposes an enhanced CCA scheme which involves the data transmission device sending a notifyBusyChannel (nBC) signal in the backoff period when the Channel Using Quotient (CUQ) exceeds 0.5. The CUQ stands for the rate of channel utilization in the previous slot duration. In a single CCA operation, the device nodes are made aware of the busy status of the channel by the nBC signal. We implement the ECCA scheme in a hardware chip for a performance evaluation. The results show that the proposed scheme has short queuing times and less energy consumption than IEEE 802.15.4 CCA. And the scheme is compatible with conventional IEEE 802.15.4 devices.