Object detection in millimeter-wave Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (InSAR) imaging is always a crucial task. Facing unpredictable and numerous objects, traditional object detection models running after the InSAR system accomplishing imaging suffer from disadvantages such as complex clutter backgrounds, weak intensity of objects, Gibbs ringing, which makes a general purpose saliency detection system for InSAR necessary. This letter proposes a spectrum-based saliency detection algorithm to extract the salient regions from unknown backgrounds cooperating with sparse sensing InSAR imaging procedure. Directly using the interferometric value and sparse information of scenes in the basis of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain adopted by InSAR imaging procedure, the proposed algorithm isolates the support of saliency region and then inversely transforms it back to calculate the saliency map. Comparing with other detecting algorithms which run after accomplishing imaging, the proposed algorithm will not be affected by information-loss accused by imaging procedure. Experimental results prove that it is effective and adaptable for millimeter-wave InSAR imaging.

An efficient procedure is presented to determine the implicit exact solution of an arbitrary nonuniform transmission line (NTL), and its first order approximation (F. O. A. ) as an explicit expression. The method of the solution is based on the steplines approximation of the nonuniform transmission lines and quasi-TEM assumptions. Using steplines approximation the NTL is subdivided into a large number of uniform line segments (steps). Using time-domain approach and invoking the boundary conditions at the discontinuities of the adjacent steps, each step is modeled as continuous time domain linear filter characterized by a transfer function. The frequency domain transfer function of this filter is then obtained for linear termination networks. For very large number of steplines this transfer function approaches transfer function of the NTL. In the next step a F. O. A. , as an explicit expression of the exact response will be obtained. This F. O. A. is more suitable for very short transmission lines which is often the case in integrated circuits and some of printed circuit boards. Then, the F. O. A. of the ABCD matrix will be obtained.

Reflection type optical switches with intersecting waveguides and curved electrodes are newly proposed. The guided incident mode is expanded into an infinite spectrum of plane wavelets. The effects of light tunneling into the transmission port is taken care of by treating the 3-layer structure and using its reflection and transmission coefficients in estimation of the extinction ratios. It is found that the electrode curved in the form of an exponential spiral provides remarkably improved power reflectivity. This is because it poses a constant angle of incidence (smaller than the critical angle) to all variously oriented impinging wavelets. In this way, all plane wavelets are made to undertake total reflections. These total reflections result in considerably high extinction ratios to be achivable at the transmission port. It is also shown that the electrode length is shorter and the intersection angle is wider than those corresponding to a straight electrode. Therefore, it is concluded that the curvature of the electrode improves the switching characteristics of the device.