In a previous study, we proposed a new method based on copula theory to evaluate the detection performance of distributed-processing multistatic radar systems, in which the dependence of local decisions was modeled by a Gaussian copula with linear dependence and no tail dependence. However, we also noted that one main limitation of the study was the lack of investigations on the tail-dependence and nonlinear dependence among local detectors' inputs whose densities have long tails and are often used to model clutter and wanted signals in high-resolution radars. In this work, we attempt to overcome this shortcoming by extending the application of the proposed method to several types of multivariate copula-based dependence models to clarify the effects of tail-dependence and different dependence models on the system detection performance in detail. Our careful analysis provides two interesting and important clarifications: first, the detection performance degrades significantly with tail dependence; and second, this degradation mainly originates from the upper tail dependence, while the lower tail and nonlinear dependence unexpectedly improve the system performance.

This paper presents the detailed investigations on a simple multi-band method that allows inverted-F antennas (IFAs) to achieve good impedance matching in many different frequency bands. The impressive simplicity of the method arises from its sharing of a shorting strip among multiple branch elements to simultaneously generate independent resonant modes at arbitrary frequencies. Our simulation and measurement results clarify that, by adjusting the number of branch elements and their lengths, it is very easy to control both the total number of resonant modes and the position of each resonant frequency with impedance matching improved concurrently by adjusting properly the distance ds between the feeding and shorting points. The effectiveness of the multi-band method is verified in antenna miniaturization designs, not only in the case of handset antenna, but also in the design upon an infinite ground plane. Antenna performance and operation principles of proposed multi-band models in each case are analyzed and discussed in detail.

This study presents a proposal for space-saving design of built-in antennas for handset terminals based on the concept of requisite design antenna volume. By investigating the relation between antenna input characteristic and electric near-field around the antenna element and surrounding components inside the terminal, and then evaluating the requisite design antenna volume, we propose the most effective deployment for both the antenna and surrounding components. The results show that our simple proposal can help reduced, by about 17% and 31.75%, the space that the antenna element actually requires at least for stable operation inside the terminal, in the single-band designs for the cellular 2GHz band (1920-2170MHz) and 800MHz band (830-880MHz), respectively. In the dual-band design, we verify that it can reduce, the antenna space by about 35.18%, and completely cover the two above cellular bands with good antenna performance.

In this paper, we propose a new method based on copula theory to evaluate the detection performance of a distributed-processing multistatic radar system (DPMRS). By applying the Gaussian copula to model the dependence of local decisions in a DPMRS as well as data fusion rules of AND, OR, and K/N, the performance of a DPMRS for detecting Swerling fluctuating targets can be easily evaluated even under non-Gaussian clutter with a nonuniform dependence matrix. The reliability and flexibility of this method are validated by applying the proposed method to a previous problem by other authors, and our other investigation results indicate its high potential for evaluating DPMRS performance in various cases involving different models of target and clutter.

This study proposed a novel decoupling method for four planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) operating at 2.0GHz (f0). The edge-to-edge and center-to-center spacings of the adjacent PIFAs are extremely small (0.05λ0 and 0.17λ0, respectively), resulting in strong mutual coupling among them. In our previous study, we proposed a structure consisting of parasitic elements (PEs) and a bridge line (BL) for the decoupling of two PIFAs. One attractive feature of the proposed method is that no adjustment of the original structure and size of the PIFAs is necessary. However, as the number of PIFAs increases to four, their decoupling becomes considerably more complicated, and impedance mismatch is also an issue to be considered. Therefore, in this study, PEs and BLs are functionally developed to simultaneously achieve low mutual coupling and improved impedance matching of the four PIFAs. The simulated results showed that loading the proposed PEs and BLs onto the four PIFAs could reduce as well as maintain all mutual coupling for less than -10dB, and simultaneously improve impedance matching. Therefore, the total antenna efficiency at 2.0GHz could be significantly improved from 64.2% to 84.8% for PIFA1 and PIFA4, and from 35.9% to 74.2% for PIFA2 and PIFA3. Four PIFAs with PEs and BLs were fabricated and measured to validate the simulation results.

In this study, a novel decoupling method using parasitic elements (PEs) connected by a bridge line (BL) for two planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) is proposed. The proposed method is developed from a well-known decoupling method that uses a BL to directly connect antenna elements. When antenna elements are connected directly by a BL, strong mutual coupling can be reduced, but the resonant frequency shifts to a different frequency. Hence, to shift the resonant frequency toward the desired frequency, the original size of the antenna elements must be adjusted. This is disadvantageous if the method is applied in cases where the design conditions render it difficult to connect the antennas directly or adjust the original antenna size. Therefore, to easily reduce mutual coupling in such a case, a decoupling method that does not require both connecting antennas directly and adjusting the original antenna size is necessitated. This study demonstrates that using PEs connected by a BL reduces the mutual coupling from -6.6 to -14.1dB, and that the resonant frequency is maintained at the desired frequency (2.0GHz) without having to adjust the original PIFAs size. In addition, impedance matching can be adjusted to the desired frequency, resulting in an improved total antenna efficiency from 77.4% to 94.6%. This method is expected to be a simple and effective approach for reducing the mutual coupling between larger numbers of PIFA elements in the future.