Defects in spacecraft software may result in loss of life and serious economic damage. To avoid such consequences, the software development process incorporates code review activity. A code review conducted by a third-party organization independently of a software development team can effectively identify defects in software. However, such review activity is difficult for third-party reviewers, because they need to understand the entire structure of the code within a limited time and without prior knowledge. In this study, we propose a tool to visualize inter-module dataflow for source code of spacecraft software systems. To evaluate the method, an autonomous rover control program was reviewed using this visualization. While the tool does not decreases the time required for a code review, the reviewers considered the visualization to be effective for reviewing code.

The electrical lubricants have been accepted to reduce friction of contacts and to prevent degradation of contact resistance. However, as the lubricant has an electrical insulation property it seems that application to contact surface is unsuitable for contact resistance. These mechanisms in contact interfaces have not fully understood. In this paper, relationships between contact resistance and contact load were examined with both clean and lubricated surfaces. Orientation of the lubricant molecules was observed by high magnification images of STM and AFM. There was no difference in contact resistance characteristics for both clean and lubricated surfaces in spite of lubricants thickness. The molecules were orientated perpendicular to the surface. This fact turns over an established theory of adsorption of non-polar lubricant to surface.