In the field of the restoration of motion blurred images, several deterministic techniques are proposed. Motion blurred images, however, include an ambiguity intrinsically. Therefore, the statistical restoration techniques are suited for the aim. In this paper, we describe the statistical properties of images blurred by various motions in mean square error sense since the discussions on the subject have been not presented in the past. The mean square errors of images blurred by motions and of images restored by Wiener filtering are formulated. The relations between the mean square errors and the extent of the motion blur or the correlation coefficient of the object are presented. The differences of the mean square errors among the various motions are discussed. Furthermore, these formulations are expanded to the motion blurred images imbedded by additive noise.

In this letter we propose a multipurpose fiber optic sensor composed of a fiber, a spherical micro lens, and a sensing mirror. The analog sensor converts a physical quantity such as oscillation or displacement to a quantity of light. Replacing the lens with one of a different diameter makes it possible to use the new sensor several different ways, such as for sensing flow rate, pressure or temperature. Experimental results show that the dynamic range of the mirror's position displacement changes from 7.5 µm to 500 µm and that the dynamic range of the conversion gain changes about 20 dB when the lens is changed from 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm in diameter.

Far-end measurement instrument for baseband frequency response, based on swept frequency method, is designed and constructed. In constituting the measurement instrument, it is important to stabilize modulation frequency characteristics of laser diode which is significantly affected by externally reflected light to the laser diode. It has been found that by coupling laser diode to a fiber with obliquely polished end face, the influence of externally reflected light can be negligibly small. Optimum coupling conditions, concerning tilt angle of fiber end and distance between fiber and laser facet are clarified. Moreover, automatic power control and temperature control circuit has been applied to the above laser to fiber coupler and far-end measurement instrument of baseband frequency response has been constructed. As a result, sufficient stabilization of modulation frequency characteristics to measure baseband frequency response of graded-index optical fiber has been attained.

Multiple communication Bus Network (MCNET) is proposed. This network interconnect, all exchanges in a specified area by one large scale transmission line to aim at network cost reduction and to secure adaptability for traffic variation.

In this paper we discuss some combinatorial problems related to the permutation network devised by Waksman et al. NUM(π) means the number of configurations of the permutation network producing a permutation π. The main result in this paper is that 23N-5-(log2N(log2N+1))/2 is a lower bound on the number of elements in the set {ππ is a permutation on {1, , N} and NUM(π)1}. This is a remarkable improvement on the previous best lower bound 22N-3+(log2N(log2N-3))/2 given by Opferman and Tsao-Wu.

A method of detecting and correcting digital errors in PCM-decoded speech signals using decoded signal information only, has been proposed by the author. This letter describes a new method to detect the errors using phase spectrum and an improvement in the spectral subtraction method used in a previous report.

A method of reducing reflection for a lattice soliton at the termination of a nonlinear LC line is investigated. It is shown that a termination with tapering resistances gives considerably less reflection than that of the characteristic impedance of the line of the small-signal limit.

An algebraic operating system for pixel chains and codes difined for binary figures is described. Several kinds of arithmetic four operations are difined for the pixel chains and codes, and properties of the arithmetic operations and binary figures are studied to clear the problems. The algebraic operating system adopted in this paper enables us to magnify and reduce binary figures. Several examples for such operations are illustrated. In appendix, an operating system satisfying the axioms of algebraic group is described.

What is required for the functional testing of modern high-density and fast IC and large scale integration (LSI) circuits is a method which has a time resolution in the subnanosecond region and a spatial resolution in the submicrometer region. Furthermore, the test probe must be easy to position on the circuit. To meet these requirements, a combined stroboscopic SEM-microcomputer test system has been developed. A microcomputer is used for striking the electron beam to a point of interest on the specimen surface, sampling and storing the signal waveforms, performing an operation of signal processing, and generating a data display or data output in numerics. Following a system description, application to a MOS LSI (4 k bit static random access memory-RAM) in the MHz regions is reported to demonstrate the efficiency of the system.

This paper shows the necessary and sufficient condition for an admittance matrix to be realized as a network composed of three reactance two-ports and two resistors connected in cascade.

This paper describes a Method of recognizing Hangeul (Korean Characters) which is based on the structural analysis of characters. The experiment results obtained through computer simulation are given. In recognition of Hangeul composed of 24 basic character elements, we pay special attention to regular combinational rules for character formation. The recognition system is composed of three major processing parts: Extraction of character elements, Recognition of each character element and Syntactic reconstruction of a character based on the recognized character elements. The character elements which failed in the syntactic reconstruction are sent back to the character element extraction process again, providing the flexibility to adopt to the more advanced experiments. We first present the structure of Hangeul for feature extraction. Next, some processing algorithms are described and simulated. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed recognition system.

The class of contour map patterns, for example, geographic elevation map and isobar map, is an important class of pictorial data. Its storage and retrieval management have serious implications in the context of a pictorial data bank organization. In this context, we propose the use of the global description of contour map, a string representation called GDCM, for the storage organization of contour maps. We first present a summary of the basic ideas and concepts that leads to the structural description of contour map and then formulate the global description. To take into consideration the frequencies of occurrence of contour clusters (GDCM symbols), we encode the GDCM, which serves as indexes to contour maps, with the Huffman coded GDCM symbols. After organizing the set of encoded GDCM strings into a digital tree for storing the contour maps, we discuss the resulting space and time complexity. We then apply the above ideas to the storage organization of weather maps and evaluate the space and time complexity of the resulting storage structure. The evaluated results indicate that our proposed storage structure for contour map is a viable one.

A simple method of evaluating diversity effects in the design of land mobile radio systems is introduced, and power reduction and spectrum utilization are discussed. First the processes for determining transmitter power and frequency reuse distance, which are very important factors in system design, are derived. In this derivation, the probability of a fade below a given threshold level and the probability of co-channel interference are calculated for systems operating in Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing environments. The probabilities are presented by simple form applicable to system design. Then, based on the derivation, a method of evaluating diversity effects is shown by taking the case of selection diversity. The results show how these effects can be taken into account in system design.

A novel and efficient multiplication algorithm, called "duo-multiplication", is proposed. Two multiplications and the sum of their results are calculated directly, with the same number of operation steps as is required for the conventional single multiplication. The algorithm is derived from adjusting non-zero partial product generation timing in order to interleave one multiplication execution into the other multiplication execution. This timing adjustment is realized by utilizing the fact that any two algebraic numbers in two's complement representation can be transformed into a binary signed digit representation pair, in which the non-zero digits of one number do not overlap with those of the other number, without increasing total word length. As duomultiplication operation is fundamental on digital signal processing, the algorithm adoption doubles signal processing capability of a microprocessor.

Error correcting and/or detecting codes have been successfully used to improve the reliability of computer memories. To improve for error control in memory systems organized to have b bits per package, a new class of linear codes for simultaneous error correction and error detection is given. We refer to a group of b bits as a byte. This paper provides a new type of byte error detecting codes to correct single bit errors and detect single byte errors (SEC-SbED codes), and to correct single bit errors and detect double bit errors and single byte errors (SEC-DED-SbED codes). Form these codes, this paper demonstrates a new class of rotational SEC-SbED codes and rotational SEC-DED-SbED codes that are optimal for LSI construction of their encoding-decoding circuitries. The decoders for the proposed codes require very small amounts of extra circuitry over that required for SEC-DED (Single Error Correcting - Double Error Detecting) codes. The decoding speed is very high-equal to that of SEC-DED codes.

In multi-carrier satellite communication systems, many modulated carriers have to be co-amplified through a TWTA (Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier). In such a case, the intermodulation due to the TWTA nonlinearities i.e., AM/AM and AM/PM conversions degrades that system performance. This paper analyzes the combined effects of the AM/AM and AM/PM conversions on the output properties of the TWTA using a quadrature nonlinear model. A general formula of the output autocorrelation function is derived as a function of the input autocorrelation function with an arbitrary input power spectrum. Based on this formula, the effects of the TWTA nonlinearities (both AM/AM and AM/PM conversions) on the output characteristics such as the output signal and intermodulation power, the intermodulation power spectral distribution, and the output signal-to-intermodulation ratio (SIMR) are theoretically evaluated.

Electrostatic drop forming characteristics of using a metal nozzle are compared with that of using glass nozzles. Taking the surface tension values of liquids as a parameter, we made experiments and concluded that the electroconductivity of liquids has prominent effects on drop formation for low surface tension liquids.

Convergence properties of adaptive algorithms are analyzed and compared with mutually by using the differential equation approach. Evaluations of the convergence rates of the algorithms are made by the eigenvalues of matrix coefficient which are relating to the radio environment and the guideline of adaptation. The result shows that the adaptive array under directional constraint is the most applicable to communications for fixed stations or stations in predictable motion despite of its slower convergence rate, because it requires only an approximated information about the desired signal. But, for a desired signal whose incident direction is unknown at the receiver, only the least-mean-square-error adaptive array can extract the desired signal from noisy environment, if a synchronization between the received desired signal and the internal reference signal is kept.

By the location of a vanishing point of an object in a picture we can determine the spatial relationship between the object and the observer. In this paper we present a technique for determining its location by Hough transformation. As an application we present a method of calculating panned angle of the observer.

Various calculations of derivatives, dealing with specific spaces, have been studied to define cubic splines. Some Modified 3-Point Methods have been proposed which would reduce the amount of calculations required. These methods enable us to preceive the result from a computer by lines. Some theorems that are useful for the discussion of local calculations are given and examples are executed to compare our methods with the original cubic spline functions. The results given in this paper have demonstrated a relation to the interactive computer graphics as well as the interpolation of data points.