The measurement results of clear sky attenuation on an earth-satellite path at frequency Ku band in Laos are described. The measurement results show that diurnal clear sky noise vary with respect to humidity characteristics, which is a significant value in the early morning while low at daytime. The mean difference in variation is about 0.7 dB.

The Tokyo Tower is the highest self-supporting steel tower in the world. Since it was built in 1958, the Tower has been a symbol of Tokyo and a well-known, major tourist attraction in Japan. The number of visitors reached 130 million in 1998. The highest number of visitors in one day was 40,000. The original purpose of the Tower was the transmitting of TV signals to the entire Tokyo Metropolitan area. As time passed, FM radio antennas and other equipment for public use were added to the Tower. Recently digital terrestrial antennas were installed on the Tower, a remarkable moment in its history. Digital broadcasting will start in 2003, using these antennas. This paper introduces the Tokyo Tower and its antennas, giving its construction history and its future in the coming digital broadcasting era.