The use of the in-phase synthetic method is proposed for antenna calibration using the three-antenna method (TAM) in order to make the TAM applicable even in a semi-anechoic chamber (SAC) or on an open-area test site. Suitable antenna arrangements are theoretically investigated for this improved calibration method. Experimental analyses demonstrate that the in-phase synthetic method can remarkably reduce unwanted effects of the ground-reflected wave. Therefore, even on a metal ground plane, the proposed TAM with the in-phase synthetic method can yield an accurate actual gain of a double ridged guide antenna at frequencies from 4 GHz to 14 GHz with differences of +0.16/-0.37 dB from the results of the conventional TAM performed in an fully anechoic room (FAR).

Two types of CPW-fed active antenna for television receivers, printed on thin dielectric film, are analyzed numerically and experimentally and their broadband operations are reported. The actual gain of the receiving active antenna is expressed in terms of the transducer power gain of the amplifier circuit and the effective length of the passive antenna. Between the feed point of the passive antenna element and the CPW, the silicon transistor 2SC2585 or 2SC3604 is integrated with a dipole antenna or loop antenna. The actual gains of a dipole antenna with 24 cm length are more than 8 dBd (relative gain to the standard half-wave dipole) at frequencies from 470 to 770 MHz for television channels 13-62 in Japan. In the case of a loop antenna with a size of 25. 8 cm12 cm, actual gains of more than 3. 5 dBd are obtained for channels 1-12, from 90 to 222 MHz, and more than 6. 5 dBd for channels 13-62, from 470 to 770 MHz.