Abnormal IDDQ (Quiescent power supply current) is the signal to indicate the existence of physical damage which includes the between circuit lines. Using this signal, a CAD-based line pairs with bridging fault (LBFs) detection technique has been developed to enhance the manufacturing yield of advanced logic LSI with scaled-down structure and multi-metal layers. The proposed technique progressively narrows the doubtful LBFs down by logic information and layout structure. This technique, quickly handled, is applied to draw down the distribution chart of bridging fault portion on wafer, the feature of which chart is fed back to manufacturing process and layout design.

The subject about document image understanding is to extract and classify individual data meaningfully from paper-based documents. Until today, many methods/approaches have been proposed with regard to recognition of various kinds of documents, various technical problems for extensions of OCR, and requirements for practical usages. Of course, though the technical research issues in the early stage are looked upon as complementary attacks for the traditional OCR which is dependent on character recognition techniques, the application ranges or related issues are widely investigated or should be established progressively. This paper addresses current topics about document image understanding from a technical point of view as a survey.