Concept map has been widely used as an interactive media to deliver contents in learning. Incorporating concept maps into collaborative learning could promote more interactive and meaningful learning environments. Furthermore, delivering concept maps in a digital form, such as in Kit-Build concept map, could improve learning interaction further. Collaborative learning with Kit-Build concept map has been shown to have positive effects on students' understanding. The way students compose their concept maps while discussing with others is presumed to affect their learning. However, supporting collaborative learning in an online setting is formidable to keep the interaction meaningful and fluid. This study proposed a new approach of real-time collaborative learning with Kit-Build concept map. This study also investigated how concept map recomposition with Kit-Build concept map could help students collaboratively learn EFL reading comprehension from a distance by comparing it with the traditional open-ended concept mapping approach. The learning effect and students' conversation during collaboration with the proposed online Kit-Build concept map system were investigated. Comparative analysis with a traditional collaborative concept mapping approach is also presented. The results suggested that collaborative learning with Kit-Build concept map yielded better outcomes and more meaningful discussion than the traditional open-end concept mapping.

Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of target selection in indirect touch input, an indirect multi-touch input device was designed and built. We explored here four indirect touch input techniques which were TarConstant, TarEnlarge, TarAttract, TarEnlargeAttract, and investigated their performance when subjects completing the target selection tasks through comparative experiments. Results showed that TarEnlargeAttract enabled the shortest movement time along with the lowest error rate, 2349.9ms and 10.9% respectively. In terms of learning effect, both TarAttract and TarEnlargeAttract had learning effect on movement time, which indicated that the speed of these two techniques can be improved with training. Finally, the strategy of improving the accuracy of indirect touch input was given, which has reference significance for the interface design of indirect touch input.