IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals
An Efficient Audio Watermarking by Using Spectrum Warping
Summary :
Traditional watermarking methods based on spectrum manipulation use watermark bit as a colored noise. However, those methods show poor robustness for filtering and audio compression because of only a few spectrum coefficients being modified. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for robust audio watermarking by using spectrum warping. Our watermark-embedding scheme is not based on spectrum coefficient manipulation, but based on warping spectrum that shifts a block of spectrum coefficients nonlinearly. The host audio signal is divided appropriately into small segments and then a non-orthogonal transform, such as bi-linear transform, is used for each segment to embed as well as to extract watermarks. Because the proposed scheme uses small segment length, we can afford to embed signature information many times into audio signal without severe degradation of SNR. Our multiple embedding scheme increases robustness against abnormal distortion of watermarked signal and has no bit error rate in MPEG1 Layer-3 128 kbps and 96 kbps compression as well as low/high pass filtering.
- Publication
- IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals Vol.E85-A No.6 pp.1257-1264
- Publication Date
- 2002/06/01
- Publicized
- Online ISSN
- DOI
- Type of Manuscript
- Special Section PAPER (Special Section on Papers Selected from 2001 International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications (ITC-CSCC 2001))
- Category
Authors
Keyword
Latest Issue
Copyrights notice of machine-translated contents
The copyright of the original papers published on this site belongs to IEICE. Unauthorized use of the original or translated papers is prohibited. See IEICE Provisions on Copyright for details.
Cite this
Copy
Kwang-Pyo CHOI, Keun-Young LEE, "An Efficient Audio Watermarking by Using Spectrum Warping" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals,
vol. E85-A, no. 6, pp. 1257-1264, June 2002, doi: .
Abstract: Traditional watermarking methods based on spectrum manipulation use watermark bit as a colored noise. However, those methods show poor robustness for filtering and audio compression because of only a few spectrum coefficients being modified. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for robust audio watermarking by using spectrum warping. Our watermark-embedding scheme is not based on spectrum coefficient manipulation, but based on warping spectrum that shifts a block of spectrum coefficients nonlinearly. The host audio signal is divided appropriately into small segments and then a non-orthogonal transform, such as bi-linear transform, is used for each segment to embed as well as to extract watermarks. Because the proposed scheme uses small segment length, we can afford to embed signature information many times into audio signal without severe degradation of SNR. Our multiple embedding scheme increases robustness against abnormal distortion of watermarked signal and has no bit error rate in MPEG1 Layer-3 128 kbps and 96 kbps compression as well as low/high pass filtering.
URL: https://global.ieice.org/en_transactions/fundamentals/10.1587/e85-a_6_1257/_p
Copy
@ARTICLE{e85-a_6_1257,
author={Kwang-Pyo CHOI, Keun-Young LEE, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals},
title={An Efficient Audio Watermarking by Using Spectrum Warping},
year={2002},
volume={E85-A},
number={6},
pages={1257-1264},
abstract={Traditional watermarking methods based on spectrum manipulation use watermark bit as a colored noise. However, those methods show poor robustness for filtering and audio compression because of only a few spectrum coefficients being modified. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for robust audio watermarking by using spectrum warping. Our watermark-embedding scheme is not based on spectrum coefficient manipulation, but based on warping spectrum that shifts a block of spectrum coefficients nonlinearly. The host audio signal is divided appropriately into small segments and then a non-orthogonal transform, such as bi-linear transform, is used for each segment to embed as well as to extract watermarks. Because the proposed scheme uses small segment length, we can afford to embed signature information many times into audio signal without severe degradation of SNR. Our multiple embedding scheme increases robustness against abnormal distortion of watermarked signal and has no bit error rate in MPEG1 Layer-3 128 kbps and 96 kbps compression as well as low/high pass filtering.},
keywords={},
doi={},
ISSN={},
month={June},}
Copy
TY - JOUR
TI - An Efficient Audio Watermarking by Using Spectrum Warping
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals
SP - 1257
EP - 1264
AU - Kwang-Pyo CHOI
AU - Keun-Young LEE
PY - 2002
DO -
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals
SN -
VL - E85-A
IS - 6
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals
Y1 - June 2002
AB - Traditional watermarking methods based on spectrum manipulation use watermark bit as a colored noise. However, those methods show poor robustness for filtering and audio compression because of only a few spectrum coefficients being modified. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for robust audio watermarking by using spectrum warping. Our watermark-embedding scheme is not based on spectrum coefficient manipulation, but based on warping spectrum that shifts a block of spectrum coefficients nonlinearly. The host audio signal is divided appropriately into small segments and then a non-orthogonal transform, such as bi-linear transform, is used for each segment to embed as well as to extract watermarks. Because the proposed scheme uses small segment length, we can afford to embed signature information many times into audio signal without severe degradation of SNR. Our multiple embedding scheme increases robustness against abnormal distortion of watermarked signal and has no bit error rate in MPEG1 Layer-3 128 kbps and 96 kbps compression as well as low/high pass filtering.
ER -
English
