The expressions for obtaining the cycle-slip statistical property in the second-order phase-locked loop (PLL) in the presence of noise are given by gaining the time-dependent probability density function (pdf). The time-dependent pdf for the second-order PLL was presented for the first time by K. Nishiguchi and myself. But the phase-error process considered in the same paper was a modulo 2π reduced version. The pdf with modulo 2π is known to lose the information concerning the cycle-slip statistical property. Thus in order to gain the cycle-slip property and transient property, we now present the time-dependent pdf, the phase-error region of which expands from -2π to 2π. On the other hand, in order to generate the cycle-slip in the phase-error on R¹, it is necessary to set the absorptive walls at the boundaries (2π) and the source of the probability density at the origin of the phase-error variable. The absorptive walls at the boundaries are represented by setting the pdf = 0 at the boundaries. And in my other paper the pdf is constructed by the continuous functions. In the present paper, however, the pdf has the discontinuity in the expanded function at the boundaries. Introducing the discontinuous pdf gives us the additive terms which show not the diffusion effect but the other property and do not appear in the case of the continuous pdf.

Ground clutter from irregular surfaces was measured using an L-band long range air-route surveillance radar (ARSR) at very low grazing angles, between 0.13 and 0.25. It is shown that the ground clutter amplitude statistics themselves do not always follow a Weibull distribution, but rather the residual amplitude after the double canceller moving target indicator (MTI) obeys a Weibull distribution. Therefore, the unsuppressed residual ground clutter will be suppressed by means of Weibull CFAR processors.

Electrical properties of titanium nitride films prepared by reactive sputtering of Ti in an atmosphere of argon-nitrogen mixture at nitrogen partial pressure of 210^-2 Pa were studied. Values of sheet resistance (Rs) and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of TiN film were found to lie within the following limits of Rs15100Ω/, and TCR-80 +50 ppm/. The films were subjected to heating at 200 in air for 100 hours, whose resistance-changes ΔR/R_i were found to depend considerably on the aging hour (t) and the film thickness (d_Q). It was found that ΔR/R_i is proportional to t^1/2/d_o. As for the influence of humidity upon the resistance changes, the relative-changes ΔR/R₂₀ were found to have a negative sign with an extremely small magnitude of 0.1% at 95% RH.

In this decade various nonlinear transmission lines with solitary waves (solitons) have been investigated, where the inverse scattering theory has played an important role. The inverse scattering theory applies to the characterization of transmission lines. For example, the impedance distribution is determined from the observed data of the reflected or transmitted waves. Filtering theory is closely related with this inverse scattering problem. To solve the Wiener-Hopf integral equation in its general form which appears in the linear filtering theory, we set up an integral operator factorization scheme of the Zakharov-Shabat type an analog of which plays a fundamental role in the inverse scattering theory. Solving this scheme explicitly in time-domain, we give a causality-conditioned solution to the Wiener-Hopf integral equation where it is not necessary to assume the kernel function to be rational. It is also shown that in simple cases our solution technique in time-domain corresponds to the usual spectral factorization method in frequency-domain.

A new switches-capacitor immittance converter (SCIC) circuit based on the bilinear transformation is propose. The inductive (n+1)-terminal network is realized using in SCIC's and one capacitive (n+1)-terminal network. The SCIC consists of only one buffer, one op amp and three capacitors.

A modified interrupted Poisson process is proposed as an approximation of an overflow process from the M/M/S/K queue. This process improves the accuracy of an interrupted Poisson process which was proposed by Kuczura.

Using Si, a monolithic microwave wideband amplifier has been developed. Housing in a TO-5 can, 17 dB gain, 1.4 GHz bandwidth and 5 dB noise figure are achieved. Input and output impedances are well matched to 50 Ω.

A cascode type AM modulator, which is the combination of a static induction transistor (SIT) and a JEFT is proposed. The experimental results show the improvement in linearity and distortion because of the good constant voltage characteristics of SIT.

Control of the pulse collision point on an axon, prior to the propagation time measurement facilitates the detection of the non-uniformity of an axon, similar to a TDR on transmission lines. The measurement requires the placement of electrodes only on the extremities of the axon.

It has already been known that there exists an infinite hierarchy of the classes of sets of square tapes accepted by deterministic space-bounded two-dimensional Turing machines with spaces below log m. This paper shows that there exists an infinite hierarchy of the classes of sets of square tapes accepted by nondeterministic space-bounded two-dimensional Turing machines with spaces less than or equal to log m.