Progress made in the field of high speed networking technology has led to the planning and prototyping of true high-bandwidth applications with very high throughput and low delay requirements. In this study we approach the problem of high throughput demand from the aspect of protocols and introduce the handling of error control in the application layer level as opposed to the transport layer since the eventual destination of data is the application itself. This scheme, called ACER (Application Conscious Error Recovery), is proposed and defined for bulk data transfers. A simple analytic throughput comparison of the sliding window scheme with go-back-N, and ACER is given later, Also, a prototype implementation of ACER for bulk data transfer and experimental measurement results are presented. Besides, we investigate the performance of the scheme by simulation for various network models. Finally, we present a discussion of extending the scheme to different traffic patterns and applications.

Intelligent Transport System (ITS), aiming to provide innovative services related to traffic management, road safety and convenience, has drawn much attention in academic and industrial worlds in recent years. Japan has been considered as an advanced country in ITS development. This paper first gives an overview of the current ITS operated in Japan including Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC), and ITS-spot system. Then this paper introduces the trends and the directions of future ITS including the development of driver-assistant type of road safety system in Japan and USA, and the potential use of white space to meet the additional ITS needs in the future.