A new method for detecting the projections on the spherical pearls was proposed using an optical system, a CCD-TV camera with an image processor.

Frequency spectra of arc pulses in the gaseous phase arc of the surge are compared breaking Ag contacts with the inductive load less than 770µH.

The performances of the instrument for measuring the glossiness of curved surfaces were improved using a fluorescent-lamp, a TV camera, a microcomputer etc.

This article describes about the PNPN diode-transistor switching circuit with automatic turn-off mechanism, and the pulse voltage level discriminator fabricated as its application.

Although the previously proposed indistinctness-degree-glossiness is applicable for a curved surface's specimen, it has fairly large errors by the deviation of specimen from the normal holding position. In order to reduce such the glossiness errors, the convolution was made on the reflected-light-intensity distribution of the specimen by the spatial filter. From its results, a new glossiness Gm was defined and the glossiness errors were reduced to 1/3, compared with the old glossiness errors.

This letter deals with a newly developed automatic system, which measures the rate of malfunction of digital circuits owing to noise induced by breaking electric contacts. In this system, a personal computer is used for the detection and the count of the malfunction in the digital circuit. Its experimental results are reported here.

Typical circuit for quenching the contact-arcs is the capacitor C-resistor γ series circuit. In order to quench the bounce-arcs on contact closure, the upper limit of C, Cmax, has to be decided, so that Cmax was introduced and its validity was confirmed by using Hinge type relays.

The integration-type indistinctness degree glossiness for curved surfaces was newly introduced, so the measuring was stabilized and the automatization of the measuring was also rialized.

The human judges generally the gloss by the distinctness degree of the image projected on the specimen surface. If the CCD camera is used instead of the human eyes, the distinctness degree of the image will relate deeply to the brightness pattern formed on the CCD camera. Therefore, first, the brightness pattern on the CCD camera was obtained theoretically. Utilizing the calculated brightness pattern, we defined newly the brightness pattern glossiness GBP which was applicable to the spherical specimens. Next, the validity of the GBP was confirmed by the experiments which used the enamel painted balls and the spherical pearls.

The pearl color sorting system was miniaturized using a CCD-TV camera which provides the R, G and B color signals, compared with the previously reported system with the MOS-TV camera and the TV monitor.

The already reported physical glossiness such as Mirror glossiness, indistinctness-degree glossiness, etc. are not proportional to the psycological glossiness which is the standard of the gloss, in cases of various colored specimens. Thus, in order to obtain a glossiness proportional to the psycological glossiness, first, the brightness distribution of the colored specimens was measured. Then, it was transformed to bring the form of the measured brightness distribution close to the visual distinctness-begree distribution, by the expand-reduce transformation technique. From the transformed distribution curve, the new glossiness G(H, V, C) was defined as functions of hue H, lightness V, saturation C and the indistinctness-degree glossiness GID. This new glossiness G(H, V, C) was applied to the Munsell color atlas papers and the high glossy colored papers, and then it was confirmed to be in proportion to the psychological glossiness GPh.

The measuring error in the measurement of the glossiness of curved surfaces was significantly reduced by two techniques; change of the setting of the CCD line sensor and scanning of specimens.

This paper describes measured results of details of arc voltage fluctuations and a surge in breaking Ag contacts.

High speed optical system to measure the shape and the cross section of the three dimensional object was developed; this system consists mainly of a He-Ne laser, a polygon mirror, a PSD, a turn-table for rotation of the object, and a personal computer.

Brightness pattern golssiness GBP of pearls was measured by the system, which consists of a CCD-TV camera, an image processor, etc. The GBP was considered to be roughly suitable for the physical glossiness of pearls.