This paper proposes an enhanced model of Random Projection Outlyingness (RPO) for unsupervised outlier detection. When datasets have multiple modalities, the RPOs have frequent detection errors. The proposed model deals with this problem via unsupervised clustering and a local score weighting. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms RPO and is comparable with other existing unsupervised models on benchmark datasets, in terms of in terms of Area Under the Curves (AUCs) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC).

Objective interestingness measures play a vital role in association rule mining of a large-scaled database because they are used for extracting, filtering, and ranking the patterns. In the past, several measures have been proposed but their similarities or relations are not sufficiently explored. This work investigates sixty-one objective interestingness measures on the pattern of A → B, to analyze their similarity and dissimilarity as well as their relationship. Three-probability patterns, P(A), P(B), and P(AB), are enumerated in both linear and exponential scales and each measure's values of those conditions are calculated, forming synthesis data for investigation. The behavior of each measure is explored by pairwise comparison based on these three-probability patterns. The relationship among the sixty-one interestingness measures has been characterized with correlation analysis and association rule mining. In the experiment, relationships are summarized using heat-map and association rule mined. As the result, selection of an appropriate interestingness measure can be realized using the generated heat-map and association rules.

Information-centric networking (ICN) has been positioned for a number of years as a possible replacement to the IP-based Internet architecture with key promises in terms of network efficiency, privacy, security and novel applications. However, such wholesale replacement of the IP-based Internet through a new routing and service infrastructure has always been marred by the difficulties to gain adoption through existing stakeholders and market players, particularly solution providers. In this paper, we provide an evolutionary approach to introducing ICN in the real world by positioning an ICN-based solution as a routing-as-a-service offering for existing IP-based solutions. With this, we enable the expected benefits of ICN for the existing service and application basis of the current Internet. We will outline how we achieve this evolutionary introduction and how existing IP as well as HTTP-based services will be realized. An introduction into our gateway platform will be given, while also outlining first results from a recent showcase deployment.

This letter proposes a new handover management scheme supporting session continuity in user mobility. The proposed scheme uses mapping relationship between User Identifier and Terminal Identifier for supporting user mobility that a user changes his accessing terminal. The proposed scheme does not need to have any changes in protocol stacks.

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) establishes a session between end terminals as a client/server application in the Next Generation Network (NGN). These days, many application services are being provided as Web services. In this letter, we propose a new NGN architecture conforming to the architectural styles of Representational State Transfer (REST), which is a Web service technology for solving interoperability and traffic concentration problems in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).

A feature of services provided in a Next Generation Network (NGN) is that the end-to-end quality is guaranteed. This is quite a challenging issue, given the considerable fluctuation in network conditions within a Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) network. Therefore, a novel approach, whereby a network node and a mobile terminal such as a cellular phone cooperate with each other to control service quality is essential. In order to achieve such cooperation, the mobile terminal needs to become more intelligent so it can estimate the service quality, including the user's perceptual quality, and notify the measurement result to the network node. Subsequently, the network node implements some kind of service control function, such as a resource and admission control function, based on the notification from the mobile terminal. In this paper, the role of the mobile terminal in such collaborative system is focused on. As a part of a QoS/QoE measurement system, we describe an objective speech quality assessment with payload discrimination of lost packets to measure the user's perceptual quality of VoIP. The proposed assessment is so simple that it can be implemented on a cellular phone. We therefore did this as part of the QoS/QoE measurement system. By using the implemented system, we can measure the user's perceptual quality of VoIP as well as the network QoS metrics, in terms of criteria such as packet loss rate, jitter and burstiness in real time.

Next Generation Network (NGN), which has been undergoing standardization as it has developed, is expected to create new services that converge the fixed and mobile networks. This paper introduces the basic requirements for NGN in terms of security and explains the standardization activities, in particular, the requirements for the security function described in Y.2701 discussed in ITU-T SG-13. In addition to the basic NGN security function, requirements for NGN authentication are also described from three aspects: security, deployability, and service. As examples of authentication implementation, three profiles--namely, fixed, nomadic, and mobile--are defined in this paper. That is, the "fixed profile" is typically for fixed-line subscribers, the "nomadic profile" basically utilizes WiFi access points, and the "mobile profile" provides ideal NGN mobility for mobile subscribers. All three of these profiles satisfy the requirements from security aspects. The three profiles are compared from the viewpoint of requirements for deployability and service. After showing that none of the three profiles can fulfill all of the requirements, we propose that multiple profiles should be used by NGN providers. As service and application examples, two promising NGN applications are proposed. The first is a strong authentication mechanism that makes Web applications more safe and secure even against password theft. It is based on NGN ID federation function. The second provides an easy peer-to-peer broadband virtual private network service aimed at safe and secure communication for personal/SOHO (small office, home office) users, based on NGN SIP (session initiation protocol) session control.

This letter proposes an integrated authentication model for NGN to access the wired/wireless infrastructure. The existing authentication model based on port-based access control is not best suited for integrated network environments. The main focus of this paper is on developing a feasible authentication model using the authenticator positioned in the control function in the NGN.

Quality of service (QoS) control is one of the key technologies for the next-generation network (NGN). In the conventional method, the bearer quality on the carrier network is managed, but the end-to-end QoS for end users needs to be guaranteed. The quality of a public switched telephone network (PSTN) is guaranteed, and the quality of the telephone terminal is also stable. Therefore, end-to-end quality management of PSTN services has been achieved. However, the quality of neither IP networks nor VoIP services is guaranteed in general. In addition, there are numerous VoIP terminals and the differences in their implementations strongly affect the speech quality experienced by end users. Thus, quality management technologies need to be embedded in the VoIP terminal to achieve the equivalent of end-to-end QoS management for the PSTN. These technologies are recommended in IETF RFC3611 "RTCP XR" and ITU-T recommendation P.564 as the framework for end-to-end quality management, but their usage is not shown. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end quality management method for VoIP speech using RTCP XR. We realize an end-to-end QoS monitoring method between the customer and the operator of the carrier network. We define the parameters that should be implemented in RTCP XR packets to estimate the quality of VoIP services based on experimental results.

Next Generation Network (NGN) is envisioned to be an inter-working environment of heterogeneous networks of wired and wireless access networks, PSTN, satellites, broadcasting, etc., all interconnected through the service provider's IP backbone and the Internet. NGN uses multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and service-related functions independent from underlying transport-related technologies. The operations and management of such interconnected networks are expected to be much more difficult and important than the traditional network environment. In this paper, we present an overview of the current status towards the management of NGN and discuss challenges in operating and managing NGN. We also present the operations and management requirements of NGN in accordance with the challenges. We then present standardization activities of NGN management and some of the notable research and development efforts related to NGN management.

In July 2006, International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Study Group 13 initiated the approval process for a batch of framework Recommendations on the Next Generation Network (NGN) Release 1. One of the new Recommendations, Y.2012, illustrates the NGN from the viewpoint of a functional architecture consisting of various functional blocks, namely functional entities. In conjunction with this Recommendation, this paper explains how the NGN can be built and how the NGN utilizes functional entities to provide expected services and required capabilities. This paper also identifies open issues for extending the functional architecture towards Release 2.

As the network speed becomes faster and requirements about various services are increased, a number of groups are currently developing technologies aimed at evolving and enhancing the capabilities of existing network. A Next-Generation Network (NGN) is defined as a hybrid telecommunications network that employs new distributed processing techniques to provide all types of services. By integrating the Intelligent Network (IN) technology and the Mobile Agent (MA) technology we can support service flexibility and service portability in NGN. In this paper, we propose a caching-based mobile agent model for NGN and analyze the performance of this model. The mobile agent technology increases the service portability and the caching strategy does the service reusability. Each Physical Entity (PE) has MAs within their repository through the caching strategy and processes service requests from users without the control of the central system such as Service Control Point (SCP). Therefore, we can decrease the total network load and the response time for user requests.

This paper describes the JAINTM JavaTM Call Control (JCC) Application Programming Interface (API), and its relationship to network protocols, in particular the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). JCC is a high-level object-oriented open, standard API for Next Generation Network (NGN) softswitches that enables rapid creation, by third parties, of services that can run independently of the underlying network technology (e.g. wireless, wired, packet, IP, PSTN) and protocols. SIP is a protocol that has been proposed for a wide variety of uses in IP networks, including call control. We argue that instead of being competitors, JCC and SIP are complementary, with JCC offering higher-layer programming abstractions and protocol-independence, and demonstrate by examples how to map JCC version 1.0 to a SIP environment. We thus show that for common call control applications using JCC is simpler, faster and less maintenance intensive than using SIP directly.

We modified the adaptive fuzzy classification algorithm (AFC), which allows fuzzy clusters to grow to meet the demands of a given task during training. Every fuzzy cluster is defined by a reference vector and a fuzzy cluster radius, and it is represented as a shape of hypersphere in pattern space. Any pattern class is identified by overlapping plural hyperspherical fuzzy clusters so that it is possible to approximate complex decision boundaries among pattern classes. The modified AFC was applied to recognize handwritten digits, and performances were shown compared with other neural networks.