This letter proposes a hierarchical label-switched path (LSP) setup scheme, called ConSet, for multi-layer generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) networks. ConSet allows a Path message to be transmitted to the downstream neighbor node without waiting for the establishment of the higher-order LSP. Confirmation of the establishment of the higher-order LSP is performed at the ingress node of the higher-order LSP before a Resv message of the lower-order LSP is transmitted to the upstream neighbor node. ConSet is able to set up hierarchical LSPs faster than the sequential scheme.

This paper proposes a novel mobile communications system of integrating microcell and macrocell for future land mobile communications which allows the user to enjoy mobile communications services by using one terminal regardless of his terminal speed. Current and developing digital land mobile communications systems are classified into two categories according to their differences in cell size, operating environments, service requirements and terminal speeds. One is a microcell system offering cordless telephone services for the user moving at low speeds and the other is a macrocell system offering vehicle telephone services for the user moving at high speeds. In order to access these two systems, the user needs to have two different terminals and to use an appropriate one according to the operating environments, service requirements and terminal speeds. In this paper, we propose a land mobile communications system in which the user can place a call without any of the inconvenienced described above. The proposed system consists of multi layered composite microcell system with no handover areas, each layer being composed of a number of microcells. This paper presents the detailed structure of this system and evaluates the performances of the channel capacity and the frequency of handovers during a call based on computer simulation results.