In this paper, we introduce a parallax barrier system that shows high definition autostereoscopy and holds wide viewing zone. The proposed method creates a 4-view parallax barrier system with full display resolution per view by setting aperture ratio to one quarter and using time-division quadplexing, then applies obtained 4-view to 2-view, so that the viewing zone for each eye becomes wider than that from the conventional methods. We build a prototype with two 120,Hz LCD panels and manage to achieve continuous viewing zone with common head-tracking device involved. However, moire patterns and flickers stand out, which are respectively caused by the identical alignments of the color filters on the overlaid LCD panels and a lack of refresh rate of 240,Hz. We successfully remove the moire patterns by changing the structure of the system and inserting a diffuser. We also reduce the flickers by proposing 1-pixel aperture, while stripe shaped noise due to the lack of refresh rate occurs during a blink or a saccade. The stripe noise can be effectively weakened by applying green and magenta anaglyph to the proposed system, where extra crosstalk takes place since the default RGB color filters on LCD panels share certain ranges of wavelength with each other. Although a trade-off turns out to exist between stripe noise and crosstalk from our comparison experiment, results from different settings all hold acceptable quality and show high practicability of our method. Furthermore, we propose a solution that shows possibility to satisfy both claims, where extra color filters with narrow bandwidths are required.

We demonstrate high baud-rate DQPSK modulation with full-ETDM technique using a novel high-speed optical IQ modulator consisting of a ridge-type optical waveguide structure on a thin LiNbO3 substrate. Our fabrication technique achieves a drastic extension of the modulator's bandwidth and a reduction of half-wave voltage. Demonstration of 90-Gbaud NRZ-DP-DQPSK signal generation with the modulator successfully achieved a bit rate of 360-Gb/s under full-ETDM configuration.

We demonstrate a single-channel 1.28 Tbit/s-525 km transmission using OTDM of subpicosecond DQPSK signals. In order to cope with transmission impairments due to time-varying higher-order PMD, which is one of the major limiting factors in such a long-haul ultrahigh-speed transmission, we newly developed an ultrafast time-domain optical Fourier transformation technique in a round-trip configuration. By applying this technique to subpicosecond pulses, transmission impairments were greatly reduced, and BER performance below FEC limit was obtained with increased system margin.

In this paper, we demonstrate a 10.66 Gb/s bidirectional TDM over long-reach WDM hybrid PON supported by distributed Raman amplification, and the power budget margin is measured to be 15 dB for downstream transmission and 12 dB for upstream transmission, with dual Raman pump power of 300 mW.

Antenna diversity is an effective technique for improving the transmission performance in a multi-path fading channel. Recently, transmit diversity has been attracting much attention since it can alleviate the complexity problem of the mobile terminals. Joint transmit diversity/receive diversity achieves a much improved transmission performance. In this paper, we propose a new space-time block coding algorithm for joint transmit/receive diversity, which requires the channel state information (CSI) only at the transmitter side. Unlike the conventional space-time transmit diversity (STTD), the space-time block coded joint transmit/receive diversity (STBC-JTRD) can use arbitrary number of transmit antennas, while the number of receive antennas is limited to 4. STBC-JTRD achieves a larger diversity gain than joint STTD/receive antenna diversity. The bit error rate (BER) analysis in a frequency-nonselective Rayleigh fading channel is presented. The BER performance is evaluated and is confirmed by the computer simulation.

This paper presents a closed form expression of an exact average bit error rate (BER) for a time-division duplex (TDD) transmit diversity scheme employing maximal ratio combining (MRC) over time selective flat Rayleigh fading channels. In the proposed analysis, the feed back delay which degrades the BER performance is taken into account. The results are generally applicable to an arbitrary modulation scheme, as well as an arbitrary number of transmitting branches. To confirm the validity of the proposed analysis, the theoretical results are compared with the simulated ones.

This paper presents 160-Gbit/s full channel time-division demultiplexing using a semiconductor optical amplifier hybrid integrated demultiplexer on a planer lightwave circuit. Error-free demultiplexing from a 160-Gbit/s signal to 8 channel 20 Gbit/s signals is successfully demonstrated. Results of a 160-Gbit/s optical time-division-multiplexed full channel OTDM signal transmission experiment using the circuit and successful 80-km transmission are presented.

All-optical switching is of considerable interest, since it enables the construction of large-capacity networks with protocol- and bit-rate-independent transmission. In this paper, we determine the most desirable of three all-optical architectures for a backbone network, by comparing the following architectures: the wavelength-routed network, the slotted wavelength-routed network, and the optical burst switching network. After proposing an optical path accommodation algorithm that minimizes the total fiber length, we evaluate the total network cost in order to compare the availability of the first two architectures. We then compare the architectures in terms of the burst blocking probability in order to clarify the effectiveness of the third architecture.

Timing noise of 160 GHz optical pulses has been evaluated over nine decades of Fourier frequency using the optoelectronic harmonic mixing technique. For down-converting the 160 GHz pulse intensity into a low-frequency IF signal, the fourth order modulation sidebands produced by a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator have been employed. Phase noise power spectral density and timing jitter for 155.552-GHz optical time-division multiplexed pulses and 160.640-GHz passively mode-locked pulses are measured using the time domain demodulation and time interval analysis techniques, respectively.

In this paper, the co-existence of TDMA and W-CDMA spectrum sharing system (TDMA/W-CDMA overlaid system) with cellular architecture is discussed. In this system, both systems share the same frequency band to improve the spectrum efficiency. Overall rate, bit error ratio (BER) and spectrum efficiency of the system are calculated for the forward link (down-link) in the presence of AWGN channel. Taking into account the path loss and shadow fading loss in this system with cellular architecture, W-CDMA applying interference cancellation (IC) shows a substantial difference in spectrum efficiency, the overlaid system can provide a greater overall rate and higher spectrum efficiency than a single multiple access-based system such as TDMA system or W-CDMA system. The interference cancellation can significantly improve BER of the spectrum overlaid system.

Today, an ultra-high capacity transmission system based on N40 Gb/s channel rate is the most promising approach to achieve multi-terabit/s of capacity over a single fiber. We have demonstrated 5.12 Tbit/s transmission of 128 channels at 40 Gbit/s over 3100 km and 10.24 Tbit/s transmission of 256 channels at 42.6 Gbit/s (using FEC) over 100 km, based on four main technologies: 40 Gbit/s electrical time-division multiplexing (ETDM), vestigial sideband demultiplexing (VSB), advanced amplifier technology including Raman amplification and TeraLightTM fiber. A record spectral efficiency of 1.28 bit/s/Hz is applied to achieve 10.24 Tbit/s transmission within the C- and L-band.

We describe a simplified receiver structure having several receiving antennas (i.e., an adaptive array antenna system) and using time-division-multiplexing (TDM) signal processing. Three simplified receiver structures were investigated for use in the antenna system. To confirm the feasibility of using a TDM receiver, both a TDM receiver and a conventional adaptive array receiver were constructed for testing. In our proposed system, several repetitions of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) are used to reduce co-channel interference (CCI). The frame format used for both receivers was the same as that of the personal handy phone system in Japan. The laboratory testing was done using a fading simulator to enable measurement of the bit error rate. The results are very promising and show the feasibility of the TDM receiver.

Recent progress in ultrahigh bit rate optical transmission using time-division multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplexing is described. Latest over 1 Tbit/s transmission experiments are shown and the possibility of higher bit rate transmission is discussed.

Recent progress in ultrahigh bit rate optical transmission using time-division multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplexing is described. Latest over 1 Tbit/s transmission experiments are shown and the possibility of higher bit rate transmission is discussed.

This paper considers methods to design multiple-output networks based on decision diagrams (DDs). TDM (time-division multiplexing) systems transmit several signals on a single line. These methods reduce: 1) hardware; 2) logic levels; and 3) pins. In the TDM realizations, we consider three types of DDs: shared binary decision digrams (SBDDs), shared multiple-valued decision diagrams (SMDDs), and shared multi-terminal multiple-valued decision diagrams (SMTMDDs). In the network, each non-terminal node of a DD is realized by a multiplexer (MUX). We propose heuristic algorithms to derive SMTMDDs from SBDDs. We compare the number of non-terminal nodes in SBDDs, SMDDs, and SMTMDDs. For nrm n, log n, and for many other benchmark functions, SMTMDD-based realizations are more economical than other ones, where nrm n is a (2n)-input (n1)-output function computing (X2+Y2)+0.5, log n is an n-input n-output function computing (2n1)log(x1)/nlog2, and a denotes the largest integer not greater than a.

Satellite beam-switching problems are studied where there are m up-link beams, n down-link beams and multiple carriers per beam. By augmenting a traffic matrix with an extra row and column, it is possible to find a sequence of switching modes ((0,1)-matrices with genrally multiple unit entries in each row and column) that realize optimal transmission time. Switching modes generated are shown to be linearly independent. The number of switching modes required for an mn matrix is bounded by (m1)(n1)1. For an augmented (m1)(n1) matrix, the bound is then mn1. The bounds on the number of switching modes and the computational complexity for a number of related satellite transmission scheduling problems are lowered. In simplified form, the results (particularly the linear independence of permutation matrices generated) apply to algorithmic decomposition of doubly stochastic matrices into convex combinations of permutation matrices.

The modular and growable photonic ATM switch architecture described in this paper uses both time-division and wavelength-division multiplexing technologies, so the switch capacity can be expanded in both the time and frequency domains. It uses a new implementation of output buffering scheme that overcomes the bottleneck in receiving and storing concurrent ultra fast optical cells. The capacity in one stage of a switch with this architecture can be increased from 32 gigabits per second to several terabits per second in a modular fashion. The proposed switch structure with output channel grouping can greatly reduce the amount of hardware and still guarantee the cell sequence.

The demand for large-capacity photonic switching systems will increase as regular broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) spreads and full-motion video terminals replace telephones. Large-scale and economical optical fiber transmission lines have been built based on time-division (TD) multiplexing. To reduce costs, it is important to increase the channel multiplexity of both transmission and switching systems by using TD and wavelength-division (WD) or frequency-division (FD) technologies. We surveyed photonic switching systems' architecture and switching network structures. Switching can be divided into circuit or synchronous transfer mode (STM) switching, and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching. A variety of photonic STM and ATM switching systems based on the two switching technologies have recently been proposed and demonstrated.