We propose a novel silicon diplexer integrated with filters for frequency-division multiplexing in the 300-GHz band. The diplexer consists of a directional coupler formed of unclad silicon wires, a photonic bandgap-based low-pass filter, and a high-pass filter based on frequency-dependent bending loss. These integrated filters are capable of suppressing crosstalk and providing >15dB isolation over 40GHz, which is highly beneficial for terahertz-range wireless communications applications. We have used this diplexer in a simultaneous error-free wireless transmission of 300-GHz and 335-GHz channels at the aggregate data rate of 36Gbit/s.

In this study, the bending losses of chalcogenide glass channel optical waveguides consisting of an As2Se3 core and an As2S3 lower cladding layer were numerically evaluated across the astronomical N-band, which is the mid-infrared spectral range between the 8 µm and 12 µm wavelengths. The results reveal the design rules for bent waveguides in mid-infrared astrophotonic devices.

We attempt to design and fabricate of a 4×4 Butler matrix for short-millimeter-wave frequencies by using the microfabrication process for a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) by the synchrotron radiation (SR) direct etching of PTFE and the addition of a metal film by sputter deposition. First, the dimensions of the PTFE SIW using rectangular through-holes for G-band (140-220 GHz) operation are determined, and a cruciform 90 ° hybrid coupler and an intersection circuit are connected by the PTFE SIW to design the Butler matrix. Then, a trial fabrication is performed. Finally, the validity of the design result and the fabrication process is verified by measuring the radiation pattern.

The microfabrication technique based on synchrotron radiation (SR) direct etching process has recently been applied to construct PTFE microstructures. This paper proposes a PTFE substrate integrated waveguide (PTFE SIW). It is expected that the PTFE SIW contributes to the improvement of the structural strength. A rectangular through-hole is introduced taking the advantage of the SR direct etching process. First, a PTFE SIW for the Q-band is designed. Then, a cruciform 3-dB directional coupler consisting of the PTFE SIW is designed and fabricated by the SR direct etching process. The validity of the PTFE SIW coupler is confirmed by measuring the frequency characteristics of the S-parameters. The mechanical strength of the PTFE SIW and the peeling strength of its Au film are also additionally investigated.

In this study, we conduct guided mode analyses for chalcogenide glass channel waveguides using As2Se3 core and As2S3 lower cladding to determine their single-mode conditions across the astronomical N-band (8-12µm). The results reveal that a single-mode operation over the band can be achieved by choosing a suitable core-thickness.

In this work, we have successfully patterned OLED glass substrates with a novel Yb-doped femtosecond laser. Such patterns can simultaneously increase the outcoupling efficiency up to 24.4%, as a result of reducing substrate waveguided light by scattering at the substrate/air interface and reduce the viewing angle dependence of the electroluminescent spectra.

This paper introduces a formation method for 3-dimensional 6 ch.×6 ch. shuffling structures with graded-index (GI) circular core in a multimode polymer optical waveguide for optical printed circuit boards (OPCBs) using a unique photomask-free fabrication technique named the Mosquito method. The interchannel pitch of the fabricated waveguides is 250µm, where all the channels consist of both horizontal and vertical bending structures and the last 6 channels in parallel cross over the first 6 channels. We also report 3-dimensional S-shaped polymer waveguides. In the S-shaped waveguides, the first and last 6 channels with both horizontal and vertical core bending composing the above 3-dimensional shuffling waveguide are separated, in order to evaluate the effect of over-crossing on the loss. It is experimentally confirmed that there is no excess insertion loss due to the shuffling structure in the 3-D shuffling waveguide. The evaluated crosstalk of the 3-D shuffling waveguide is lower than -30dB. The 3-D shuffling waveguide proposed in this paper will be a promising component to achieve high bandwidth density wiring for on-board optical interconnects.

The microfabrication technique based on SR (Synchrotron Radiation) direct etching process has recently been applied to construct PTFE microstructures. This paper attempts to fabricate an integrated PTFE-filled waveguide Butler matrix for short millimeter-wave by SR direct etching. First, a cruciform 3-dB directional coupler and an intersection circuit (0-dB coupler) are designed at 180 GHz. Then, a 4×4 Butler matrix with horn antennas is designed and fabricated. Finally, the measured radiation patterns of the Butler matrix are shown.

In this paper, we have investigated a new structure which combines dielectric cylinders with air-hole cylinders array, and analyzed the guiding problem for periodically dielectric waveguides by arbitrary shape of dielectric constants in the middle layer. In the numerical analysis, we examined an influence of the dielectric circular cylinder along a middle layer by using the energy distribution and complex propagation constants at the first stop band region compared with hollow dielectric cylinder. In addition, we also investigated the influence of dielectric structure with equivalence cross section compared with dielectric cylinders, and clarified an influence of dielectric structures in the middle layer by energy distribution analysis for TE0 mode.

We propose a new swept-frequency measurement method for the electromagnetic characterization of materials. The material is a multilayer cylinder that pierces a rectangular waveguide through two holes in the narrow waveguide walls. The complex permittivity and permeability of the material are calculated from measured S-parameters as an inverse problem. To this aim, the paper develops a complete electromagnetic formulation of the problem, where the effects of material insertion holes are taken into consideration. The formulation is validated through the measurement of ferrite and water samples in the S-band.

It has been reported that a left-handed waveguide can be constituted using cutoff TE10 mode of rectangular waveguide. Because the cutoff TE10 mode shows effectively negative permittivity, the left-handed mode propagates by adding series capacitance in the form of short- or open-stubs. This paper suggests a constitution method of left-handed waveguides using cutoff TM mode. In this case, the cutoff TM mode shows effectively negative permeability. Therefore, a left-handed waveguide can be constituted by adding parallel inductance. In this paper, two types of the left-handed waveguides are designed using circular TM01 mode and rectangular TM11 mode, and the dispersion characteristics are numerically investigated. The validity of the constituting principle is confirmed by an experiment.

This paper discusses how to design a Radial Line Slot Antenna (RLSA) whose waveguide is filled with high loss dielectric materials. We introduce a new design for the aperture slot coupling synthesis to restrain the dielectric losses and improve the antenna gain. Based on a newly defined slot coupling, a number of RLSAs with different sizes and loss factors are analyzed and their performances are predicted. Theoretical calculations suggest that the gain is sensitive to the material losses in the radial lines. The gain enhancement by using the new coupling formula is notable for larger antenna size and higher loss factor of the dielectric material. Three prototype RLSAs are designed and fabricated at 60GHz following different slot coupling syntheses, and their measured performances consolidate our theory.

A new wavelength-selective optical modulator was proposed and discussed. The modulator consists of three kinds of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) integrated in a single straight waveguide. The waveguide can guide TE$_0$ and TE$_1$ modes, and an in-line Michelson interferometer is constructed by the three DBRs. An operation-wavelength wave among incident wavelength-division-multiplexed TE$_1$ guided waves is split into TE$_0$ and TE$_1$ guided waves by one of DBRs, and combined by the same DBR to be TE$_0$ output wave with interference after one of waves is phase-modulated. A modulator using an electro-optic (EO) polymer is designed, and the static performance was predicted theoretically. An operation principle was confirmed experimentally by a prototype device utilizing a thermo-optic effect instead of the EO effect.

We calculated propagation constants of supermodes for two-dimensional two-slab waveguides, with small core gap, using second-order perturbation expansion from gapless slab waveguide system, and compared our results with the existing works. In the perturbation calculation, we used trapezoidal method to calculate the integral over the transverse direction in space and obtained second-order expansion of (core gap)/(core width) for propagation constants. Our result can explain the qualitative relationship between the propagation constants and the gap distance in the neighbor of (core gap)/(core width) being zero.

We present the theory and experiment of metal-cavity nanolasers and nanoLEDs flip-chip bonded to silicon under electrical injection at room temperature. We first review the recent progress on micro- and nanolasers. We then present the design rule and our theoretical model. We show the experimental results of our metal-cavity surface-emitting microlasers and compare with our theoretical results showing an excellent agreement. We found the important contributions of the nonradiative recombination currents including Auger recombination, surface recombination, and leakage currents. Finally, experimental demonstration of electrical injection nanoLEDs toward subwavelength nanoscale lasers is reported.

We have demonstrated switching characteristics in a wavelength switch based on multiple GaInAs/InP quantum wells. It consisted of straight arrayed waveguides with a linearly varying refractive index distribution. The refractive index can be changed via the thermo-optic (TO) effect. Using a Ti/Au thin-film heater to generate the TO effect, we realized four-port switching at four demultiplexed wavelengths. In addition, by changing the structure of the heater from rectangular to triangular, the power consumption for four-port switching was reduced by half.

In this paper, a new swept-frequency method for the measurement of the complex permittivity and permeability of materials is proposed. The method is based on the S-parameters measurement of a cylindrical material placed inside a rectangular waveguide, where the axis of the cylinder is perpendicular to the narrow waveguide walls. The usage of cylinders in measurement is beneficial because they are easy to fabricate and handle. A novel exact solution of the field scattered by the cylinder is developed. The solution is based on expanding the field in a sum of orthogonal modes in cylindrical coordinates. Excitation coefficients relating the cylindrical scattered field to the waveguide modes are derived, and are used to rigorously formulates the S-parameters. Measurement are performed in the S-band with two dielectric materials (PTFE, nylon), and in the X-band with one magnetic material (ferrite epoxy). The measurement results agree with those from the literature.

We propose a built-in planar lens for coupling light to a waveguide on a 2-D photonic crystal (PhC) membrane. A 2-D PhC waveguide with the built-in lens has been fabricated with AlGaAs. Improvement in coupling performance is discussed in comparison to waveguides with straight ends as cleaved.

Dielectric rod arrays in a metallic waveguide alter the propagation modes and group velocities of electromagnetic waves. We have focused on TE30-to-TE10 mode converters and investigated how their behavior varies with frequency. A mode converter is proposed that passes the TE10 mode at frequencies lower than 2fc, and converts the TE30 mode into the TE10 mode for frequencies higher than 3fc.

A post-wall center-feed waveguide consisting of T-junctions is proposed for reducing the slot-free area of a parallel plate slot array antenna. The width of the slot-free area is reduced from 2.6 λ0 to 2.1 λ0. A sidelobe level in the E-plane is expected to be suppressed lower than that of the conventional center-feed antenna using cross-junctions. The method of moments with solid-wall replacement designs initially the T-junctions and HFSS including the post surfaces modifies only the reflection cancelling post. We have designed and fabricated a 61.25 GHz model antenna with uniform aperture illumination. The sidelobe level in the E-plane is suppressed to -9.5 dB while that of a conventional cross-junction type is -7.8 dB. Also, we suppress it to -13.8 dB by introducing a -8.3 dB amplitude tapered distribution in the array of the radiation slot pairs.