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Transmission Loss of Optical Fibers; Achievements in Half a Century
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This paper reviews the evolutionary process that reduced the transmission loss of silica optical fibers from the report of 20dB/km by Corning in 1970 to the current record-low loss. At an early stage, the main effort was to remove impurities especially hydroxy groups for fibers with GeO2-SiO2 core, resulting in the loss of 0.20dB/km in 1980. In order to suppress Rayleigh scattering due to composition fluctuation, pure-silica-core fibers were developed, and the loss of 0.154dB/km was achieved in 1986. As the residual main factor of the loss, Rayleigh scattering due to density fluctuation was actively investigated by utilizing IR and Raman spectroscopy in the 1990s and early 2000s. Now, ultra-low-loss fibers with the loss of 0.150dB/km are commercially available in trans-oceanic submarine cable systems.
- Publication
- IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications Vol.E104-B No.8 pp.922-933
- Publication Date
- 2021/08/01
- Publicized
- 2021/02/15
- Online ISSN
- 1745-1345
- DOI
- 10.1587/transcom.2020EBI0002
- Type of Manuscript
- INVITED PAPER
- Category
- Optical Fiber for Communications
Authors
Hiroo KANAMORI
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Keyword
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Hiroo KANAMORI, "Transmission Loss of Optical Fibers; Achievements in Half a Century" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications,
vol. E104-B, no. 8, pp. 922-933, August 2021, doi: 10.1587/transcom.2020EBI0002.
Abstract: This paper reviews the evolutionary process that reduced the transmission loss of silica optical fibers from the report of 20dB/km by Corning in 1970 to the current record-low loss. At an early stage, the main effort was to remove impurities especially hydroxy groups for fibers with GeO2-SiO2 core, resulting in the loss of 0.20dB/km in 1980. In order to suppress Rayleigh scattering due to composition fluctuation, pure-silica-core fibers were developed, and the loss of 0.154dB/km was achieved in 1986. As the residual main factor of the loss, Rayleigh scattering due to density fluctuation was actively investigated by utilizing IR and Raman spectroscopy in the 1990s and early 2000s. Now, ultra-low-loss fibers with the loss of 0.150dB/km are commercially available in trans-oceanic submarine cable systems.
URL: https://global.ieice.org/en_transactions/communications/10.1587/transcom.2020EBI0002/_p
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@ARTICLE{e104-b_8_922,
author={Hiroo KANAMORI, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications},
title={Transmission Loss of Optical Fibers; Achievements in Half a Century},
year={2021},
volume={E104-B},
number={8},
pages={922-933},
abstract={This paper reviews the evolutionary process that reduced the transmission loss of silica optical fibers from the report of 20dB/km by Corning in 1970 to the current record-low loss. At an early stage, the main effort was to remove impurities especially hydroxy groups for fibers with GeO2-SiO2 core, resulting in the loss of 0.20dB/km in 1980. In order to suppress Rayleigh scattering due to composition fluctuation, pure-silica-core fibers were developed, and the loss of 0.154dB/km was achieved in 1986. As the residual main factor of the loss, Rayleigh scattering due to density fluctuation was actively investigated by utilizing IR and Raman spectroscopy in the 1990s and early 2000s. Now, ultra-low-loss fibers with the loss of 0.150dB/km are commercially available in trans-oceanic submarine cable systems.},
keywords={},
doi={10.1587/transcom.2020EBI0002},
ISSN={1745-1345},
month={August},}
Copy
TY - JOUR
TI - Transmission Loss of Optical Fibers; Achievements in Half a Century
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SP - 922
EP - 933
AU - Hiroo KANAMORI
PY - 2021
DO - 10.1587/transcom.2020EBI0002
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SN - 1745-1345
VL - E104-B
IS - 8
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
Y1 - August 2021
AB - This paper reviews the evolutionary process that reduced the transmission loss of silica optical fibers from the report of 20dB/km by Corning in 1970 to the current record-low loss. At an early stage, the main effort was to remove impurities especially hydroxy groups for fibers with GeO2-SiO2 core, resulting in the loss of 0.20dB/km in 1980. In order to suppress Rayleigh scattering due to composition fluctuation, pure-silica-core fibers were developed, and the loss of 0.154dB/km was achieved in 1986. As the residual main factor of the loss, Rayleigh scattering due to density fluctuation was actively investigated by utilizing IR and Raman spectroscopy in the 1990s and early 2000s. Now, ultra-low-loss fibers with the loss of 0.150dB/km are commercially available in trans-oceanic submarine cable systems.
ER -
English
