In this paper, an energy- and traffic-balance-aware mapping algorithm from IP cores to nodes in a network is proposed for application-specific Network-on-Chip(NoC). The multi-objective optimization model is set up by considering the NoC architecture, and addressed by the proposed mapping algorithm that decomposes mapping optimization into a number of scalar subproblems simultaneously. In order to show performance of the proposed algorithm, the application specific benchmark is applied in the simulation. The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm has advantages in energy consumption and traffic balance over other algorithms.

An optimized low-power optical memory access network is proposed to alleviate the cost of microring resonators (MRs) in kilocore systems, such as the pass-by loss and integration difficulty. Compared with traditional electronic bus interconnect, the proposed network reduces power consumption and latency by 80% to 89% and 21% to 24%. Moreover, the new network decreases the number of MRs by 90.6% without an increase in power consumption and latency when making a comparison with Optical Ring Network-on-Chip (ORNoC).

Network virtualization is viewed as a promising approach to facilitate the sharing of physical infrastructure among different kinds of users and applications. In this letter, we propose a topological consistency-based virtual network embedding (TC-VNE) over elastic optical networks (EONs). Based on the concept of topological consistency, we propose a new node ranking approach, named Sum-N-Rank, which contributes to the reduction of optical path length between preferred substrate nodes. In the simulation results, we found our work contributes to improve spectral efficiency and balance link load simultaneously without deteriorating blocking probability.

This paper presents a large-angle imaging algorithm based on a dynamic scattering model for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR). In this way, more information can be presented in an ISAR image than an ordinary RD image. The proposed model describes the scattering characteristics of ISAR target varying with different observation angles. Based on this model, feature points in each sub-image of the ISAR targets are extracted and matched using the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithms. Using these feature points, high-precision rotation angles are obtained via joint estimation, which makes it possible to achieve a large angle imaging using the back-projection algorithm. Simulation results verifies the validity of the proposed method.

Recently, researchers paid more attention on designing optical routers, since they are essential building blocks of all photonic interconnection architectures. Thus, improving them could lead to a spontaneous improvement in the overall performance of the network. Optical routers suffer from the dilemma of increased insertion loss and crosstalk, which upraises the power consumed as the network scales. In this paper, we propose a new 7×7 non-blocking optical router based on the Dimension Order Routing (DOR) algorithm. Moreover, we develop a method that can ensure the least number of MicroRing Resonators (MRRs) in an optical router. Therefore, by reducing these optical devices, the optical router proposed can decrease the crosstalk and insertion loss of the network. This optical router is evaluated and compared to Ye's router and the optimized crossbar for 3D Mesh network that uses XYZ routing algorithm. Unlike many other proposed routers, this paper evaluates optical routers not only from router level prospective yet also consider the overall network level condition. The appraisals show that our optical router can reduce the worst-case network insertion loss by almost 8.7%, 46.39%, 39.3%, and 41.4% compared to Ye's router, optimized crossbar, optimized universal OR, and Optimized VOTEX, respectively. Moreover, it decreases the Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) worst-case by almost 27.92%, 88%, 77%, and 69.6% compared to Ye's router, optimized crossbar, optimized universal OR, and Optimized VOTEX, respectively. It also reduces the power consumption by 3.22%, 23.99%, 19.12%, and 20.18% compared to Ye's router, optimized crossbar, optimized universal OR, and Optimized VOTEX, respectively.

Connecting a large number of servers with high bandwidth links is one of the most crucial and challenging tasks that the Data Center Network (DCN) must fulfill. DCN faces a lot of difficulties like the effective exploitation of DC components that, if highlighted, can aid in constructing high performance, scalable, reliable, and cost-effective DCN. In this paper, we investigate the server-centric structure. We observe that current DCs use servers that mostly come with dual ports. Effective exploitation of the ports of interest for building the topology structure can help in realizing the potentialities of reducing expensive topology. Our new network topology, named “Parallel Cubes” (PCube), is a duplicate defined structure that utilizes the ports in the servers and mini-switches to form a highly effective, scalable, and efficient network structure. P-Cube provides high performance in network latency and throughput and fault tolerance. Additionally, P-Cube is highly scalable to encompass hundreds of thousands of servers with a low stable diameter and high bisection width. We design a routing algorithm for P-Cube network that utilizes the P-Cube structure to strike a balance among the numerous links in the network. Finally, numerical results are provided to show that our proposed topology is a promising structure as it outperforms other topologies and it is superior to Fat-tree, BCube and DCell by approximately 24%, 16%, 8% respectively in terms of network throughput and latency. Moreover, P-Cube extremely outperforms Fat-tree, and BCube structures in terms of total cost, complexity of cabling and power consumption.

In this letter, a new addressing scheme for hexagonal networks is proposed. Using the new addressing scheme, many routing algorithms designed for networks using square-based topologies such as mesh and torus can also be applied to hexagonal networks. Methods of applying the turn model to hexagonal networks are derived, with some new minimal and partial adaptive routing algorithms obtained. Simulations of the new routing algorithms under different working conditions are carried on hexagonal networks of various sizes. The results show that the proposed algorithms can offer lower packet delay and loss rate than the popular dimension order routing algorithm.

The mapping optimization problem in Network-on-Chip (NoC) is constraint and NP-hard, and the deterministic algorithms require considerable computation time to find an exact optimal mapping solution. Therefore, the metaheuristic algorithms (MAs) have attracted great interests of researchers. However, most MAs are designed for continuous problems and suffer from premature convergence. In this letter, a binary metaheuristic mapping algorithm (BMM) with a better exploration-exploitation balance is proposed to solve the mapping problem. The binary encoding is used to extend the MAs to the constraint problem and an adaptive strategy is introduced to combine Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) and Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO). SCA is modified to explore the search space effectively, while the powerful exploitation ability of PSO is employed for the global optimum. A set of well-known applications and large-scale synthetic cores-graphs are used to test the performance of BMM. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can improve the energy consumption more significantly than some other heuristic algorithms.

Optical interconnect is a promising candidate for network on chip. As the key element in the network on chip, the routers greatly affect the performance of the whole system. In this letter, we proposed a new router architecture, Waffle, based on compact 2×2 hybrid photonic-plasmonic switching elements. Also, an optimized architecture, Waffle-XY, was designed for the network employed XY routing algorithm. Both Waffle and Waffle-XY are strictly non-blocking architectures and can be employed in the popular mesh-like networks. Theoretical analysis illustrated that Waffle and Waffle-XY possessed a better performance compared with several representative routers.

Ring-based topology is popular for optical network-on-chip. However, the network congestion is serious for ring topology, especially when optical circuit-switching is employed. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm to build a low congestion multi-ring architecture for optical network-on-chip without additional wavelength or scheduling overhead. A network congestion model is established with new network congestion factor defined. An algorithm is developed to optimize the low congestion multi-ring topology. Finally, a case study is shown and the simulation results by OPNET verify the superiority over the traditional ONoC architecture.

High-performance computing (HPC) has penetrated into various research fields, yet the increase in computing power is limited by conventional electrical interconnections. The proposed architecture, NEST, exploits wavelength routing in arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) to achieve a scalable, low-latency, and high-throughput network. For the intra pod and inter pod communication, the symmetrical topology of NEST reduces the network diameter, which leads to an increase in latency performance. Moreover, the proposed architecture enables exponential growth of network size. Simulation results demonstrate that NEST shows 36% latency improvement and 30% throughput improvement over the dragonfly on an average.

Optical Network-on-Chip (ONoC) is a promising emerging technology, which can solve the bottlenecks faced by electrical on-chip interconnection. However, the existing proposals of ONoC are mostly built on fixed topologies, which are not flexible enough to support various applications. To make full use of the limited resource and provide a more efficient approach for resource allocation, RONoC (Reconfigurable Optical Network-on-Chip) is proposed in this letter. The topology can be reconfigured to meet the requirement of different applications. An 8×8 nonblocking router is also designed, together with the communication mechanism. The simulation results show that the saturation load of RONoC is 2 times better than mesh, and the energy consumption is 25% lower than mesh.