This paper proposes a new block coded quadrature amplitude modulation (BC-QAM) scheme, which is designed by an optimization technique based on simulated annealing. Simulated annealing is an effective nonlinear optimization technique and can be applied to both the discrete and the continuous optimization problems. In this paper, the simulated annealing technique is used to design the optimum BC-QAM signal, which minimizes the upper bound on the bit error rate (BER) in a Rayleigh fading channel. The computer simulation shows that the proposed BC-QAM can improve the BER performance. This paper also proposes a simplified design method to reduce the number of variables to be optimized. The proposed simplified method optimizes the in-phase and quadrature components of the BC-QAM signal separately. The computer simulation also shows that the BC-QAM designed by the simplified method gives little degradation on the BER performance, although the simplified method can significantly reduce the number of optimization variables.

A new Neural Network Equalizer (NNE), employing multilayer feedforward neural network, is proposed as a compensation method for nonlinear and multipath distortion that arises from FTTA (Fiber To The Air) system. If a signal in a channel is affected by nonlinear distortion, the conventional Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) finds difficulty in perfect compensation of it. To compensate for nonlinear distortion as well as multipath distortion, an equalizer, employing neural network, is investigated. A new neural network equalizer, yielding a cubic function as unit output function, is proposed in order to compensate the nonlinear distortion effectively. We also propose an initial weights of neural network for preventing from local minimum. Computer simulation results show that the compensation performance of the new NNE is superior to the conventional DFE and the conventional NNE.

In order to construct a high-capacity and high-reliable indoor wireless communications system, it is essential to design the modulation/demodulation, coding and access schemes with high and variable data rate transmission capabilities, which meet the technical requirements inherent to wireless communications, i.e., high frequency utilization efficiency and robustness for fading. In this paper, we propose the frequency and time division multiple access with demand-assignment (FTDMA/DA) using multicarrier modulation as a frequency and time synchronous answer to meet the requirements, and analyze the performance of the FTDMA/DA system, taking account of teletraffic characteristics of multimedia information sources.

In this paper,a protocol-based modeling and simulation method of performance evaluation for heavy traffic and transient LAN is proposed. In the method a node on a LAN is modeled as a set of detailed communication protocol models. By parallel and event driven processing of the models, high accuracy and high time-resolution of evaluation of LAN behaviors can be obtained at multi-layer protocols. The LANs at computer education sites have highly loaded peaks, and it is very hard to design large scale educational LANs. Proposed method can be used to evaluate such cases of heavy traffic and transient LAN.

Impulsive noise interference is a significant problem for the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting for Terrestrial (ISDB-T) receivers due to its effect on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. In this paper, an adaptive scheme to suppress the effect of impulsive noise is proposed. The impact of impulsive noise can be detected by using the guard band in the frequency domain; furthermore the position information of the impulsive noise, including burst duration, instantaneous power and arrived time, can be estimated as well. Then a time-domain window function with adaptive parameters, which are decided in terms of the estimated information of the impulsive noise and the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), is employed to suppress the impulsive interference. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed scheme, which improved the bit error rate (BER) performance for the ISDB-T receivers in both AWGN channel and Rayleigh fading channel.

This paper proposes a diversity scheme for Multi-Input Multi-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) based on Radio Frequency (RF) signal processing. Although a 22 MIMO-OFDM system can double the capacity without expanding the occupied frequency bandwidth, we cannot get additional diversity gain using the linear MIMO decomposition method. The proposed method improves the bit error rate (BER) performance by making efficient use of RF signal processing. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme gives additional diversity gain.

We propose a dipole array antenna assisted Doppler spread compensator with maximum ratio combining (MRC) diversity for mobile reception by a digital television terrestrial broadcasting receiver. Although OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), used for the physical layer standard of digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB), is robust to multi-path delay spreading thanks to its long symbol interval, it is sensitive to Doppler spread. OFDM itself cannot mitigate the performance degradation due to fading unless error correction coding is also used. Furthermore, although a Doppler spread compensator based on a linear array antenna has already been proposed, it has problems concerning the mutual coupling effect and polarization mismatch between the transmitter and receiver antennas. The proposed dipole antenna array assisted Doppler spread compensator is not only capable of mitigating both Doppler and fading phenomena, but also of efficiently receiving horizontally polarized radio waves. Computer simulation results showed that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional monopole array assisted Doppler spread compensator.

Radio over Fiber (RoF) is a promising solution for providing wireless access services. Heterogeneous radio signals are transferred via an optical fiber link using an analog transmission technique. When the RoF and the radio frequency (RF) devices have a nonlinear characteristic, these will create the intermodulation products (IMPs) in the system and generate the intermodulation distortion (IMD). In this paper, the IMD interference in the uplink RF signals from the coupling effect between the downlink and the uplink antennas has been addressed. We propose a method using the dynamic channel allocation (DCA) algorithm with the predistortion (PD) technique to improve the throughput performance of the multi-channel RoF system. The carrier to distortion plus noise power ratio (CDNR) is evaluated for all channel allocation combinations; then the best channel combination is assigned as a set of active channels to minimize the effect of IMD. The results show that the DCA with PD has the lowest IMD and obtains a better throughput performance.

This paper investigates receive power control for multiuser inductive power transfer (IPT) systems with a single-frequency coil array. The primary task is to optimize the transmit coil currents to minimize the total input power, subject to the minimum receive powers required by individual users. Due to the complicated coupling mechanism among all transmit coils and user pickups, the optimization problem is a non-convex quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP), which is analytically intractable. This paper solves the problem by applying the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique and evaluates the performance by full-wave electromagnetic simulations. Our results show that a single-frequency coil array is capable of power control for various multiuser scenarios, assuming that the number of transmit coils is greater than or equal to the number of users and the transmission conditions for individual users are uncorrelated.

This paper studies the joint optimization of precoding, transmit power and data rate allocation for energy-efficient full-duplex (FD) cloud radio access networks (C-RANs). A new nonconvex problem is formulated, where the ratio of total sum rate to total power consumption is maximized, subject to the maximum transmit powers of remote radio heads and uplink users. An iterative algorithm based on successive convex programming is proposed with guaranteed convergence to the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker solutions of the formulated problem. Numerical examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and show that the FD C-RANs can achieve a large gain over half-duplex C-RANs in terms of energy efficiency at low self-interference power levels.

In this paper, an efficient one-way point-to-multipoint communication protocol (PTMP) is proposed. The PTM protocol is helpful to distribute information to many workstations simultaneously and correctly. The PTM protocol is designed for network channels with low error possibility. The PTM protocol utilizes broadcast for data distributing. Re-transmission request for lost packet is returned to the server, and acknowledgment for correctly received packets is not returned to the server. We have applied the protocol to the network presentation system. The network presentation system is intended to display same graphical images to multiple workstations simultaneously on an X window system. This presentation system is able to provide services for at least forty X servers simultaneously, the capacity is limited to X server performance, except for pixmap drawing. For the case of pixmap drawing, the system capacity is limited to the network bandwidth. To solve network bandwidth problem, we combined PTM protocol with the network presentation system. With PTM protocol, system performance is improved and the use of network bandwidth is lowered.

In this paper, we propose a new coded orthogonal frequency division multiplex (COFDM)-based ubiquitous antenna system, which is composed of multiple radio base stations (RBSs) deployed over the service area and Radio-on-Fiber (RoF) link that connects RBSs to the central control station (CCS). The proposed system is capable of receiving multiple mobile terminals simultaneously operating at the same frequency by making effective use of joint detection. However, the propagation delay due to the RoF link could be a major problem for realizing the ubiquitous antenna system. In order to overcome this delay problem, we assume that the guard interval of COFDM is longer than the delay difference. Furthermore, in order to improve BER performance in a multipath Rayleigh fading channel, we also propose the MSE normalization scheme followed by the use of an MMSE-based joint detector. Computer simulation results show that the proposed system can improve the frequency utilization efficiency of the broadband wireless access system.

Parallel line feeder (PLF) consisting of a two-wire transmission line operating in the MHz band has been proposed as a wide-coverage short-distance wireless charging. In the MHz band, a PLF of several meters suffers from standing wave effect, resulting in fluctuation in power transfer efficiency accordingly to the receiver's position. This paper studies a modified version of the system, where the PLF is divided into individually compensated segments to mitigate the standing wave effect. Modelling the PLF as a lossy transmission line, this paper theoretically shows that if the segments' lengths are properly determined, it is able to improve and stabilize the efficiency for all positions. Experimental results at 27.12 MHz confirm the theoretical analysis and show that a fairly high efficiency of 70% can be achieved.

This paper optimizes a hierarchical image transmission system based on the hierarchical modulation scheme in a band-limited Rayleigh fading channel. Authors analyze relations between hierarchical parameters and the image quality, and show that the existence of optimum hierarchical parameter that maximizes the received image quality.

In the future satellite broadcasting system in 21GHz band, the rainfall attenuation is a most significant problem. To solve this problem, the hierarchical transmission systems have been studied. This paper analyzes the performance of the hierarchical modulation scheme from the view point of power assignment in the presence of the rainfall attenuation. This paper shows an optimum power assignment ratio to maximize the spectral efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio of received image, and these optimum ratio is varied with the measure of system performance.

In this paper we propose a road object extraction technique based on an active contour model (snake) considering inertia and differential features in a movie. Different energy functions can be applicable to snake in order to use information of various objects and various environments. Using many methods for tracking a moving object, snake can be applied to a scene frame by frame. Initial positions of the control points in a frame can refer to the results in the previous frame. We focus on the inertia that works between object shapes in the previous and present frames. In this research inertia is the tendency of a control point to resist its changes in its state of motion in an image space. We introduce an external energy for snake based on inertia of control points. Internal energy functions based on differential features of road geometry are also introduced to extract straight, circular and S-shaped road segments smoothly. The proposed method is applied to extract road geometry from a movie taken by a camera equipped on the flont of a vehicle. Experimental results indicate the availability of the proposed method which is to extract road geometry smoothly and to improve its robustness.

In this paper, we propose a novel array antenna-assisted adaptive modulation scheme for fast fading environments. Although adaptive modulation is an efficient technique capable of establishing high bit-rate digital transmission in a multi-path fading environment, it is sensitive to the fast time variation of the channel because of difficulties in tracking the channel state. To resolve this problem, an array antenna-based Doppler spread compensator was applied to the adaptive modulation scheme. Computer simulation results indicated that the proposed scheme can markedly improve the bit error rate and throughput performance for the region in which the maximum Doppler frequency normalized by the packet length is up to 0.1.

In this paper, a new large spreading code set with a uniform low cross-correlation is proposed. The proposed code set is capable of (1) increasing the number of assigned user (capacity) in a multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system and (2) reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In this paper, we derive a new code set and present an example to demonstrate performance improvements of OFDM and MC-CDMA systems. Our proposed code set with code length of N has K=2N+1 number of codes for supporting up to (2N+1) users and exhibits lower cross correlation properties compared to the existing spreading code sets. Our results with subcarrier N=16 confirm that the proposed code set outperforms the current pseudo-orthogonal carrier interferometry (POCI) code set with gain of 5 dB at bit-error-rate (BER) level of 10-4 in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and gain of more than 3.6 dB in a multipath fading channel.