A two-dimensional (2-D) physical model of n-channel poly-Si LDD TFTs in comparison with that of SD TFTs is presented to analyze hot-carrier degradation. The model is based on 2-D device simulator's Gaussian doping profiles for the source and drain junctions fitted to the lateral and vertical impurity profiles in poly-Si obtained from a 2-D process simulator. We have shown that, in the current saturation bias (Vg

Massive multiple input and multiple output (Massive MIMO) is a key technique to achieve high system capacity and user data rate for the fifth generation (5G) radio access network (RAN). To implement Massive MIMO in 5G, how much Massive MIMO meets our expectation with various user equipment (UEs) in different environments should be carefully addressed. We focused on using Massive MIMO in the low super-high-frequency (SHF) band, which is expected to be used for 5G commercial bands relatively soon. We previously developed a prototype low-SHF-band centralized-RAN Massive MIMO system that has a flexible active antenna system (AAS)-unit configuration and facilitates advanced radio coordination features, such as coordinated beamforming (CB) coordinated multi-point (CoMP). In this study, we conduct field trials to evaluate downlink (DL) multi-user (MU)-MIMO performance by using our prototype system in outdoor and indoor environments. The results indicate that about 96% of the maximum total DL system throughput can be achieved with 1 AAS unit outdoors and 2 AAS units indoors. We also investigate channel capacity based on the real propagation channel estimation data measured by the prototype system. Compared with without-CB mode, the channel capacity of with-CB mode increases by a maximum of 80% and 104%, respectively, when the location of UEs are randomly selected in the outdoor and indoor environments. Furthermore, the results from the field trial of with-CB mode with eight UEs indicate that the total DL system throughput and user data rate can be significantly improved.

An analytical approach using human perception has been applied to the evaluation of the front-of-screen (FOS) quality of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), particularly regarding the regions of luminance nonuniformity called "muras." The accurate and consistent inspection of muras is extremely difficult because muras have various shapes and sizes as well as contrasts. And inspection results tend to depend on inspectors during the LCD manufacturing process. To determine the quantitative scale that shows the evaluation results of mura matching human perceptions, first, we conducted a perception test and clarified the "just noticeable difference" (JND) contrast according to the type of mura. Second, the relationship between the JND contrast of mura and background luminance was investigated. Finally, we proposed a quantitative scale of mura level on the basis of the JND contrasts at various background luminances. In this paper, we describe our research on human perception of muras at various background luminances and an approach to determining the quantitative scale of visible muras.