In this paper, a self-recoverable, frequency-aware and cost-effective robust latch (referred to as RFC) is proposed in 45nm CMOS technology. By means of triple mutually feedback Muller C-elements, the internal nodes and output node of the latch are self-recoverable from single event upset (SEU), i.e. particle striking induced logic upset, regardless of the energy of the striking particle. The proposed robust latch offers a much wider spectrum of working clock frequency on account of a smaller delay and insensitivity to high impedance state. The proposed robust latch performs with lower costs regarding power and area than most of the compared latches. SPICE simulation results demonstrate that the area-power-delay product is 73.74% saving on average compared with previous radiation hardened latches.

In the current heterogeneous wireless communication system, the sharp rise in energy consumption and the emergence of new service types pose great challenges to nowadays radio access network selection algorithms which do not take care of these new trends. So the proposed energy efficiency based multi-service heterogeneous access network selection algorithm-ESRS (Energy Saving Radio access network Selection) is intended to reduce the energy consumption caused by the traffic in the mobile network system composed of Base Stations (BSs) and Access Points (APs). This algorithm models the access network selection problem as a Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) problem. To solve this problem, lots of methods are combined, including analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), weighted grey relational analysis (GRA), entropy theory, simple additive weight (SAW), and utility function theory. There are two main steps in this algorithm. At first, the proposed algorithm gets the result of the user QoS of each network by dealing with the related QoS parameters, in which entropy theory and AHP are used to determine the QoS comprehensive weight, and the SAW is used to get each network's QoS. In addition to user QoS, parameters including user throughput, energy consumption utility and cost utility are also calculated in this step. In the second step, the fuzzy theory is used to define the weight of decision attributes, and weighted grey relational analysis (GRA) is used to calculate the network score, which determines the final choice. Because the fuzzy weight has a preference for the low energy consumption, the energy consumption of the traffic will be saved by choosing the network with the least energy consumption as much as possible. The simulation parts compared the performance of ESRS, ABE and MSNS algorithms. The numerical results show that ESRS algorithm can select the appropriate network based on the service demands and network parameters. Besides, it can effectively reduce the system energy consumption and overall cost while still maintaining a high overall QoS value and a high system throughput, when compared with the other two algorithms.

In this letter, a novel projection algorithm is proposed in which projection onto a triangle consisting of the three even-vertices closest to the vector to be projected replaces check polytope projection, achieving the same FER performance as exact projection algorithm in both high-iteration and low-iteration regime. Simulation results show that compared with the sparse affine projection algorithm (SAPA), it can improve the FER performance by 0.2 dB as well as save average number of iterations by 4.3%.

In this paper, we present a method to analyze the steady-state performance of a complex coefficient adaptive IIR notch filter which is useful for the rejection of multiple narrow-band interferences from broad-band signals in quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) spread-spectrum communication systems. The adaptive notch filter based on the simplified gradient algorithm is considered. Analytical expressions have been developed for the conditional mean and variance of notch filter output. The signal-to-noise ratio improvement factor is also obtained from which the validity of the use of the notch filter can be concluded. Finally, the results of computer simulations are shown which confirm the theoretical predictions.