Ubiquitous technologies such as sensor network and RFID have enabled companies to realize more rapid and agile manufacturing and service systems. In this paper, we addresses how the huge amount of real-time events coming from these devices can be filtered and integrated to business process such as manufacturing, logistics, and supply chain process. In particular, we focus on complex event processing of sensor and RFID events in order to integrate them to business rules in business activities. We also illustrate a ubiquitous event processing system, named ueFilter, which helps to filter and aggregate sensor event, to detect event patterns from sensors and RFID by means of event pattern languages (EPL), and trigger event-condition-action (ECA) in logistics processes.

In this letter, we analyze the average symbol error rate (SER) performance for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication links with transmit beamforming and maximum ratio combining (MRC), known as MIMO-MRC, in the presence of multiple interferers in Rayleigh fading channels. An upper bound and an approximation of the average SER for M-ary signaling and an exact average SER for some modulation formats are evaluated. Moreover, an exact closed-form expression of the average SER in an interference-limited environment is derived. The analytical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

This paper presents a newly developed small-sized shaped beam base station antenna in order to reduce inter-sector interference for next generation high speed wireless data communication systems. The developed antenna realizes polarization diversity as a single small-sized antenna without decreasing the 3 dB main beamwidth compared with the conventional antenna by applying a newly designed beam shaping method. Furthermore, side sub-reflectors are newly installed in the radome to reduce the antenna beam gain in the direction toward the edge region neighboring the other sectors of the horizontal antenna pattern. By adopting this type of reflector, the diameter of the radome can be minimized at 0.65 λ, which is slightly longer than that of the conventional antenna. Both a computer simulation and a field measurement test based on an actual cellular network were conducted for the purpose of clarifying the validity of the shaped beam antenna. In the results, the CINR at the service area by the shaped beam antenna was 1 dB and 3.5 dB better than that of the conventional antenna at the median and 10% of CDF, respectively. The developed antenna will be expected to contribute to the enhancement of the quality of cellular radio systems in the future.

We describe a user scheduling scheme suitable for zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions in time-division-duplex distributed antenna systems. This user scheduling scheme consists of inter-cell-interference mitigation scheduling by using fractional frequency reuse, proportional fair scheduling in the OFDM frequency domain, and high-capacity ZFBF-MU-MIMO scheduling by using zero-forcing with selection (ZFS). Simulation results demonstrate in a severe user-distribution condition that includes cell-edge users that the proposed user scheduling scheme achieves high average cell throughputs close to that provided by only ZFS and that it also achieves almost the same degree of user fairness as round-robin user scheduling.

The performance of the least-mean-square (LMS) beamformer is heavily dependent on the choice of the step-size, for it governs the convergence rate and steady-state excess mean squared error. To meet the conflicting requirement of low misadjustment, especially for the beamformer being modified in response to the multipath environmental changes, it needs to be controlled in a proper way. In this letter, we present an efficient adaptive step-size subarray LMS to achieve good performance. Simulation results are provided for illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new transport layer protocol for the next generation Internet. SCTP is a connection-oriented protocol that carries over TCP's features but also supports UDP-like message-oriented data transmission. In this paper, we make use of SCTP's multi-streaming feature to transmit MPEG-4 video efficiently, and evaluate its transmission performance under the policy with/without differentiated retransmission. Moreover, to enhance the communication quality, we extend SCTP multi-streaming to realize selective retransmission policy. Our extension utilizes packet-by-packet timestamps to control retransmission of lost packets. By computer simulation, we show that SCTP can (1) improve the video quality by exploiting the multi-streaming and partial reliability features, (2) enhance the video transmission quality by adjusting SCTP fast retransmit threshold, and (3) SCTP with our selective retransmission extension can further improve the whole performance.

Beam steering of leaky wave radiation from a nonreciprocal composite right/left handed transmission line with a ferrite substrate is proposed. The nonreciprocal phase constants of the line were tuned by changing the applied DC magnetic field normal to the ferrite substrate. In the numerical simulation and the experiment, the nonreciprocal phase characteristics and leaky wave radiation are investigated for the ferrite substrate with the magnetization not only in the saturated region, but also in the unsaturated region. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the measurement. It is confirmed that the beam directions of the obliquely unidirectional leaky wave radiation for two different power directions are continuously tunable.

The tiled-display system has been used as a Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) environment, in which multiple local (and/or remote) participants cooperate using some shared applications whose outputs are displayed on a large-scale and high-resolution tiled-display, which is controlled by a cluster of PC's, one PC per display. In order to make the collaboration effective, each remote participant should be aware of all CSCW activities on the titled display system in real-time. This paper presents a capturing and delivering mechanism of all activities on titled-display system to remote participants in real-time. In the proposed mechanism, the screen images of all PC's are periodically captured and delivered to the Merging Server that maintains separate buffers to store the captured images from the PCs. The mechanism selects one tile image from each buffer, merges the images to make a screen shot of the whole tiled-display, clips a Region of Interest (ROI), compresses and streams it to remote participants in real-time. A technical challenge in the proposed mechanism is how to select a set of tile images, one from each buffer, for merging so that the tile images displayed at the same time on the tiled-display can be properly merged together. This paper presents three selection algorithms; a sequential selection algorithm, a capturing time based algorithm, and a capturing time and visual consistency based algorithm. It also proposes a mechanism of providing several virtual cameras on tiled-display system to remote participants by concurrently clipping several different ROI's from the same merged tiled-display images, and delivering them after compressing with video encoders requested by the remote participants. By interactively changing and resizing his/her own ROI, a remote participant can check the activities on the tiled-display effectively. Experiments on a 32 tiled-display system show that the proposed merging algorithm can build a tiled-display image stream synchronously, and the ROI-based clipping and delivering mechanism can provide individual views on the tiled-display system to multiple remote participants in real-time.

This paper considers an optimized limited feedback design for a multi-antenna system serving multiple users under different types of channels: Rayleigh distributed and line-of-sight distributed channels. Since the users are asymmetric, we propose an optimized feedback bandwidth allocation scheme for users under a total feedback rate constraint. The allocation scheme is designed according to the long-term channel type information of users, and thus it can be efficiently implemented. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

This letter proposes a new practical multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) scheme, which is an evolution of the well-known Per User Unitary beamforming Rate Control (PU2RC) proposed for 3GPP-LTE and IEEE802.16m standards. The proposed scheme includes an efficient user scheduling algorithm which alleviates the major weakness of the conventional PU2RC. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme provides notable performance improvement especially with small and medium user pool since it effectively exploits the benefit from large codebook size.

We propose a parametric packet-layer model for monitoring audio quality in multimedia streaming services such as Internet protocol television (IPTV). This model estimates audio quality of experience (QoE) on the basis of quality degradation due to coding and packet loss of an audio sequence. The input parameters of this model are audio bit rate, sampling rate, frame length, packet-loss frequency, and average burst length. Audio bit rate, packet-loss frequency, and average burst length are calculated from header information in received IP packets. For sampling rate, frame length, and audio codec type, the values or the names used in monitored services are input into this model directly. We performed a subjective listening test to examine the relationships between these input parameters and perceived audio quality. The codec used in this test was the Advanced Audio Codec-Low Complexity (AAC-LC), which is one of the international standards for audio coding. On the basis of the test results, we developed an audio quality evaluation model. The verification results indicate that audio quality estimated by the proposed model has a high correlation with perceived audio quality.

This paper presents a new approach for the Capon beamformer to provide robustness against array pointing errors. This robustness is achieved by incorporating an uncertainty constraint with diagonal loading and injected pseudo-interference. A simple performance analysis of this new beamformer is also investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that the power estimator has excellent performance.

To handle coherent signals with unknown arrival angles, an adaptive beamforming method is proposed which can be applied to an arbitrary array. The proposed method efficiently solves a generalized eigenvalue problem to estimate the arrival angles of the desired coherent signal group, by exploiting the Brent method in conjunction with alternating maximization. We discuss the condition for the correct direction estimation without erroneously taking interference direction estimates for the desired ones. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed beamformer is very similar to that of the beamformer with the exact composite steering vector (CSV).

This paper describes recent improvements to Synapse system for incremental learning of general context-free grammars (CFGs) and definite clause grammars (DCGs) from positive and negative sample strings. An important feature of our approach is incremental learning, which is realized by a rule generation mechanism called "bridging" based on bottom-up parsing for positive samples and the search for rule sets. The sizes of rule sets and the computation time depend on the search strategies. In addition to the global search for synthesizing minimal rule sets and serial search, another method for synthesizing semi-optimum rule sets, we incorporate beam search to the system for synthesizing semi-minimal rule sets. The paper shows several experimental results on learning CFGs and DCGs, and we analyze the sizes of rule sets and the computation time.

We propose a character size optimization technique to reduce the number of EB shots of multi-column-cell (MCC) lithographic systems in which transistor patterns are projected with multiple column cells in parallel. Each and every column cell is capable of projecting patterns with character projection (CP) and variable shaped beam (VSB) methods. Seeking the optimal character size of characters contributes to minimizing the number of EB shots and reducing the fabrication cost for ICs. Experimental results show that the character size optimization achieved 70.6% less EB shots in the best case with an available electron beam (EB) size. Our technique also achieved 40.6% less EB shots in the best case than a conventional character sizing technique.

A cache attack against DICING is presented. Cache attacks use CPU cache miss and hit information as side-channel information. DICING is a stream cipher that was proposed at eSTREAM. No effective attack on DICING has been reported before. Because DICING uses a key-dependent S-box and there is no key addition before the first S-box layer, a conventional cache attack is considered to be difficult. We therefore investigated an access-driven cache attack that employs the special features of transformation L to give the chosen IV. We also investigated reduction of the computational complexity required to obtain the secret key from the information gained in the cache attack. We were able to obtain a 40-bit key differential given a total of 218 chosen IVs on a Pentium III processor. From the obtained key differential, the 128-bit secret key could be recovered with computational complexity of from 249 to 263. This result shows that the new cache attack, which is based on a different attack model, is also applicable in an actual environment.

We provide an efficient transmission scheme which embeds a pilot signal in the data signal for channel state information (CSI) based on the configuration of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system using space-time block coding (STBC) with an adaptive array (AA). A computer simulation and analysis show that the proposed scheme, which combines the advantage of an Alamouti-like STBC scheme and the pilot-based AA, can suppress the irreducible error due to random FM noise. The proposed scheme using a pilot minimizes the decoding delay, and is highly robust against fast fading. We show that the proposed scheme can significantly increase the data transmission rate by using the transmitter diversity based on STBC, and the accuracy of the proposed technique is exemplified by a computer simulation.

Bursty and out-of-order tuple arrivals complicate the process of determining contents and boundaries of sliding windows. To process windows over such streams efficiently, we need to address two issues regarding fast tuple insertion and disorder control. In this paper, we focus on these issues to process sliding windows efficiently over disordered data streams.

This paper describes a channel-adaptive packet scheduler for improved error control performance in a peer-cooperative distributed media streaming system. The proposed packet-scheduling algorithm was designed for the case in which streaming server peers rely on an error-recovery strategy using retransmission and application-layer automatic repeat request rather than error protection using forward error correction. The proposed scheduler can maximize retransmission opportunities and reduce the frame loss rate by using the observed channel status from each server peer. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm enhances error-recovery performance in distributed multimedia streaming better than other schedulers.

P2P (Peer-to-Peer) file sharing architectures have scalable and cost-effective features. Hence, the application of P2P architectures to media streaming is attractive and expected to be an alternative to the current video streaming using IP multicast or content delivery systems because the current systems require expensive network infrastructures and large scale centralized cache storage systems. In this paper, we investigate the P2P progressive download enabling Internet video streaming services. We demonstrated the capability of the P2P progressive download in both laboratory test network as well as in the Internet. Through the experiments, we clarified the contribution of the FTTH links to the P2P progressive download in the heterogeneous access networks consisting of FTTH and ADSL links. We analyzed the cause of some download performance degradation occurred in the experiment and discussed about the effective methods to provide the video streaming service using P2P progressive download in the current heterogeneous networks.