Input devices based on direct touch have replaced traditional ones and become the mainstream interactive technology for handheld devices. Although direct touch interaction proves to be easy to use, its problems, e.g. the occlusion problem and the fat finger problem, lower user experience. Camera-based mobile interaction is one of the solutions to overcome the problems. There are two typical interaction styles to generate camera-based pointing interaction for handheld devices: move the device or move an object before the camera. In the first interaction style, there are two approaches to move a cursor's position across the handheld display: move it towards the same direction or the opposite direction which the device moves to. In this paper, the results of a comparison research, which compared the pointing performances of three camera-based pointing techniques, are presented. All pointing techniques utilized input from the rear-facing camera. The results indicate that the interaction style of moving a finger before the camera outperforms the other one in efficiency, accuracy, and throughput. The results also indicate that within the interaction style of moving the device, the cursor positioning style of moving the cursor to the opposite direction is slightly better than the other one in efficiency and throughput. Based on the findings, we suggest giving priority to the interaction style of moving a finger when deploying camera-based pointing techniques on handheld devices. Given that the interaction style of moving the device supports one-handed manipulation, it also worth deploying when one-handed interaction is needed. According to the results, the cursor positioning style of moving the cursor towards the opposite direction which the device moves to may be a better choice.

Touch screen has become the mainstream manipulation technique on handheld devices. However, its innate limitations, e.g. the occlusion problem and fat finger problem, lower user experience in many use scenarios on handheld displays. Back-of-device interaction, which makes use of input units on the rear of a device for interaction, is one of the most promising approaches to address the above problems. In this paper, we present the findings of a user study in which we explored users' pointing performances in using two types of touch input on handheld devices. The results indicate that front-of-device touch input is averagely about two times as fast as back-of-device touch input but with higher error rates especially in acquiring the narrower targets. Based on the results of our study, we argue that in the premise of keeping the functionalities and layouts of current mainstream user interfaces back-of-device touch input should be treated as a supplement to front-of-device touch input rather than a replacement.

We have proposed a mortar-shaped structure to improve response time and alignment uniformity of twisted vertically aligned (TVA) mode liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for high-contrast reflective color LCDs. From the results of the simulation, we clarified that response time, alignment uniformity and viewing angle range of TVA-mode LCDs were improved by controlling the liquid crystal alignment axis-symmetrically in each pixel.

This manuscript introduces a pointing interface for a tabletop display with a reflex in eye-hand coordination. The reflex is a natural response to inconsistency between kinetic information of a mouse and visual feedback of the mouse cursor. The reflex yields information on which side the user sees the screen from, so that the screen coordinates are aligned with the user's position.

This paper presents an intuitive interaction technique for data exchange between multiple co-located devices. In the proposed system, CrossOverlayDesktop, desktop graphics of the devices are graphically overlaid with each other (i.e., alpha-blended). Users can exchange file data by the usual drag-and-drop manipulation through an overlaid area. The overlaid area is determined by the physical six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) correlation of the devices and thus changes according to users' direct movements of the devices. Because familiar operations such as drag-and-drop can be applied to file exchange between multiple devices, seamless, consistent, and thus intuitive multi-user collaboration is realized. Furthermore, dynamic overlay of desktop graphics allows users to intuitively establish communication, identify connected devices, and perform access control. For access control of the data, users can protect their own data by simply dragging them out of the overlaid area, because only the overlaid area becomes a public space. Several proof-of-concept experiments and evaluations were conducted. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed interaction technique.

In this paper, the impact of display on quality assessment is addressed. Subjective quality assessment experiments have been performed on both LCD and CRT displays. Two sets of still images and two sets of moving pictures have been assessed using either an ACR or a SAMVIQ protocol. Altogether, eight experiments have been led. Results are presented and discussed, some differences are pointed out. Concerning moving pictures, these differences seem to be mainly due to LCD moving artefacts such as motion blur. LCD motion blur has been measured objectively and with psycho-physics experiments. A motion-blur metric based on the temporal characteristics of LCD can be defined. A prediction model have been then designed which predict the differences of perceived quality between CRT and LCD. This motion-blur-based model enables the estimation of perceived quality on LCD with respect to the perceived quality on CRT. Technical solutions to LCD motion blur can thus be evaluated on natural contents by this mean.

Electron field emission from diamond, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotubes and nano-structured carbon is compared. It is found that in all practical cases, emission occurs from regions of positive electron affinity with an emission barrier of 5eV, the work function, and with a large field enhancement. The field enhancement in nanotubes arises from their geometry. In diamond, the field enhancement occurs by depletion of grain boundary states. In diamond-like carbon we propose that it occurs by the presence of sp2-rich channels formed by the soft conditioning process.

Low luminous efficacy is one of the major drawbacks of PDPs, with the discharge being the predominant limiting factor. Numeric simulations granting deeper insight in the core processes of the discharge are presented and the key parameters influencing the plasma efficiency are examined.

We have studied the electro-optical properties in Polymer Network Liquid Crystal Displays which are composed of a three-dimensional polymer network formed in continuous liquid crystal layers prepared by photo-polymerization induced phase separation processes. In view of the behavior in the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule at the polymers surface, it can be clarified that the electro-optical properties are strongly governed by the polymer. By a combination of two different characteristics of the polymers with respect to a temperature dependence, a variation in the driving voltage for a temperature change can be improved.

To improve the emission properties of blue-emitting phosphor layer, SrS:Ce, we evaluated CeN instead of conventional CeCl3 as a starting material. We evaluated the composition and the crystallinity of the thin films using RBS and XRD methods. We also evaluated luminescent properties of EL devices using SrS:Ce phosphor layer. From the results of RBS and XRD measurements, we found that the concentration of the oxygen impurity in SrS:Ce thin films was decreased and the crystallinity of SrS:Ce thin films was improved when CeN is used. These results mean that the degradation of SrS:Ce thin films can be prevented by the use CeN. The evaluation of luminescent properties, shows that the luminance of SrS:Ce EL device is increased by the use of CeN.

This paper reviews the development of low temperature poly Si TFT, scattering light valves addressed by TFTs and a brighter video projection system using them, with the attensin of their optical aspects. The first includes main feature which are laser induced crystallization of PECVD a-Si in almost entirely solid phase by high speed scanning CW Ar laser beam. The second includes photo-polymerization induced phase separation method for the preparation of liquid crystal polymer composite (LCPC) material and scattering light valve with low driving voltage of 6 Vrms. The last gives a brighter video screen image with high contrast ratio and includes higher light efficiency through LCPC light valves and projection lens unit by about four times than that of conventional LC light valves with polarizers.

A yellow light emitting display using neon-hydrogen-argon mixture as filling gas is presented. Strong "monochromatisation" of the emitted light is reported for the first time on the wavelength λ585.3 nm. Experimental results on the dependence of the "monochromatisation effect" is given for various pressure values and filling gas composition. It is underlined the existence of a process of selective population of the upper level 3p[1/2]0 of the transition corressponding to the wavelength 585.3 nm. The obtained results are discussed in relation with the reported results on yellow light laser in which a discharge in neon-hydrogen mixture is used for laser radiation generation at λ585.3 nm. The proposed explanation of different authors on the upper level population through radiative or dissociative recombination of neon ions is discussed and a new hypothesis is advanced for the strong monochromatisation observed in neon-hydrogen or neon-hydrogen-argon filled displays. According to this hypothesis, in the feeding process of the upper level 3p[1/2]0 are taking part the neon metastable states too. If such an assumption will come true, cyclic processes in yellow light generation might appear.