Iterative Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation with Independent Component Analysis in BLE Systems

Masahiro TAKIGAWA; Takumi TAKAHASHI; Shinsuke IBI; Seiichi SAMPEI

doi:10.1587/transcom.2020EBP3023

Iterative Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation with Independent Component Analysis in BLE Systems

Masahiro TAKIGAWA, Takumi TAKAHASHI, Shinsuke IBI, Seiichi SAMPEI

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This paper proposes iterative carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation for spatially multiplexed Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signals using independent component analysis (ICA). We apply spatial division multiple access (SDMA) to BLE system to deal with massive number of connection requests of BLE devices expected in the future. According to specifications, each BLE peripheral device is assumed to have CFO of up to 150 [kHz] due to hardware impairments. ICA can resolve spatially multiplexed signals even if they include independent CFO. After the ICA separation, the proposed scheme compensates for the CFO. However, the length of the BLE packet preamble is not long enough to obtain accurate CFO estimates. In order to accurately conduct the CFO compensation using the equivalent of a long pilot signal, preamble and a part of estimated data in the previous process are utilized. In addition, we reveal the fact that the independent CFO of each peripheral improves the capability of ICA blind separation. The results confirm that the proposed scheme can effectively compensate for CFO in the range of up to 150[kHz], which is defined as the acceptable value in the BLE specification.

Publication: IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications Vol.E104-B No.1 pp.88-98

Publication Date: 2021/01/01

Publicized: 2020/07/14

Online ISSN: 1745-1345

DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2020EBP3023

Type of Manuscript: PAPER

Category: Wireless Communication Technologies

Authors

Masahiro TAKIGAWA
  Osaka University
Takumi TAKAHASHI
  Osaka University
Shinsuke IBI
  Doshisha University
Seiichi SAMPEI
  Osaka University

Keyword

iterative CFO estimation, independent component analysis, CFO, Bluetooth low energy

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Masahiro TAKIGAWA, Takumi TAKAHASHI, Shinsuke IBI, Seiichi SAMPEI, "Iterative Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation with Independent Component Analysis in BLE Systems" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications, vol. E104-B, no. 1, pp. 88-98, January 2021, doi: 10.1587/transcom.2020EBP3023.
Abstract: This paper proposes iterative carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation for spatially multiplexed Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signals using independent component analysis (ICA). We apply spatial division multiple access (SDMA) to BLE system to deal with massive number of connection requests of BLE devices expected in the future. According to specifications, each BLE peripheral device is assumed to have CFO of up to 150 [kHz] due to hardware impairments. ICA can resolve spatially multiplexed signals even if they include independent CFO. After the ICA separation, the proposed scheme compensates for the CFO. However, the length of the BLE packet preamble is not long enough to obtain accurate CFO estimates. In order to accurately conduct the CFO compensation using the equivalent of a long pilot signal, preamble and a part of estimated data in the previous process are utilized. In addition, we reveal the fact that the independent CFO of each peripheral improves the capability of ICA blind separation. The results confirm that the proposed scheme can effectively compensate for CFO in the range of up to 150[kHz], which is defined as the acceptable value in the BLE specification.
URL: https://global.ieice.org/en_transactions/communications/10.1587/transcom.2020EBP3023/_p

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@ARTICLE{e104-b_1_88,
author={Masahiro TAKIGAWA, Takumi TAKAHASHI, Shinsuke IBI, Seiichi SAMPEI, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications},
title={Iterative Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation with Independent Component Analysis in BLE Systems},
year={2021},
volume={E104-B},
number={1},
pages={88-98},
abstract={This paper proposes iterative carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation for spatially multiplexed Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signals using independent component analysis (ICA). We apply spatial division multiple access (SDMA) to BLE system to deal with massive number of connection requests of BLE devices expected in the future. According to specifications, each BLE peripheral device is assumed to have CFO of up to 150 [kHz] due to hardware impairments. ICA can resolve spatially multiplexed signals even if they include independent CFO. After the ICA separation, the proposed scheme compensates for the CFO. However, the length of the BLE packet preamble is not long enough to obtain accurate CFO estimates. In order to accurately conduct the CFO compensation using the equivalent of a long pilot signal, preamble and a part of estimated data in the previous process are utilized. In addition, we reveal the fact that the independent CFO of each peripheral improves the capability of ICA blind separation. The results confirm that the proposed scheme can effectively compensate for CFO in the range of up to 150[kHz], which is defined as the acceptable value in the BLE specification.},
keywords={},
doi={10.1587/transcom.2020EBP3023},
ISSN={1745-1345},
month={January},}

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TY - JOUR
TI - Iterative Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation with Independent Component Analysis in BLE Systems
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SP - 88
EP - 98
AU - Masahiro TAKIGAWA
AU - Takumi TAKAHASHI
AU - Shinsuke IBI
AU - Seiichi SAMPEI
PY - 2021
DO - 10.1587/transcom.2020EBP3023
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SN - 1745-1345
VL - E104-B
IS - 1
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
Y1 - January 2021
AB - This paper proposes iterative carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation for spatially multiplexed Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signals using independent component analysis (ICA). We apply spatial division multiple access (SDMA) to BLE system to deal with massive number of connection requests of BLE devices expected in the future. According to specifications, each BLE peripheral device is assumed to have CFO of up to 150 [kHz] due to hardware impairments. ICA can resolve spatially multiplexed signals even if they include independent CFO. After the ICA separation, the proposed scheme compensates for the CFO. However, the length of the BLE packet preamble is not long enough to obtain accurate CFO estimates. In order to accurately conduct the CFO compensation using the equivalent of a long pilot signal, preamble and a part of estimated data in the previous process are utilized. In addition, we reveal the fact that the independent CFO of each peripheral improves the capability of ICA blind separation. The results confirm that the proposed scheme can effectively compensate for CFO in the range of up to 150[kHz], which is defined as the acceptable value in the BLE specification.
ER -