MC-CDMA has attracted significant attention as a downlink communication method for fourth generation mobile communication systems. However, MC-CDMA has a peak power problem, similarly to other nonspread multicarrier systems. In this paper, we propose a novel peak power reduction technique for MC-CDMA using code selection at the transmitter. In the proposed system, the transmitter selects the code shift pattern from plural pre-assigned code shift patterns in each cluster to minimize the output peak power of downlink signals. The proposed technique can achieve the blind code detection of transmitting codes at the receiver. However, the detection performance degrades if the number of users is extremely large or extremely small. Therefore, in this paper, a code detection error recovery technique is also considered.

Vector coding (VC) is a kind of eigen mode transmission scheme which is typically considered in MIMO systems. In VC systems, several code channels corresponding to the eigenvalues of the channel matrix are created. However, any code channels with low eigenvalues will cause a degradation in performance. In this paper, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) for a VC system is proposed. In addition to AMC, the number of code channels is adaptively changed by code channel elimination. We show that the BER performance of VC is better than that of MMSE. Secondly, we also show the throughput performance of the proposed scheme is improved compared with the maximum throughput of each individual MCS.

It is shown that error correcting code improves an essential perfomance limitation of photon communications with energy loss. The coded photon signals allow us the loss about 13 dB to keep the advantage of photon number state signals while uncoded one is about 7 dB. Furthermore the necessity of weight distribution control of code words is discussed.

This letter presents the theoretical analysis of error properties of coded modulation using several quantum state lights. The direct modulation of general code into light pulse has advantage in the case of the photon state light, while PPM is superior in the case of coherent state light.

For the quantum state control communication, one of the most serious problems is the effect of transmission loss which degrades the advantage of the quantum state controlled signal. In this paper, we investigate loss effect for the squeezed state signal, which is one of typical quantum state controlled signals. First, it is shown that when the squeezed state signal optimized regardless of the effect of loss is used as transmitter state in the communication system with energy loss, the signal to noise ratio of the received signal is higher than that of the coherent state signal with the same transmitted photon number when and only when the loss is less than 3 dB. Then this paper gives an optimum condition of the squeezed state signal for lossy channel. This optimum condition provides higher signal to noise ratio of the received signal than that of coherent state signal for any degree of loss. Furthermore, we compare the performance of the quantum coherent communication systems using the optimum squeezed state signal with that of the photon communication using the photon number state signal taking the effect of loss into account.

In optical coherent communications with homodyne detection system, it is one of the most essential problems to synchronize the phase of local oscillator with that of received signal on the receiver. In general, the phase-locking performance is limited by frequency fluctuation and quantum noise of light source. So far some optical phase-locked loops have been proposed in order to optimize phase-locking performance. Their main purpose is to minimize phase error variance of systems with frequency fluctuation and quantum noise transformed into the electric region. To improve the phase-locking performance under the same situations, this paper proposes a new optical phase-locked loop with received quantum state controller, called a Squeezed-PLL, which can reduce the impact of quantum noise in the optical region. This system can eliminate the effect of the vacuum noise due to the beam splitting. Finally, the general signal to noise ratio of data-branch is shown, and phase-locking performance of the Squeezed-PLL is verified by computer simulation.

While higher chip rate can provide better performance for Direct Sequence/Code Division Multiple Access (DS/CDMA) systems due to larger process gain, it may also induce spectrum emission to adjacent channels, i. e. , adjacent channel interference. Especially, if different operators use adjacent channels in the same area with uncoordinated power levels, such interference becomes large, and excessively higher chip rate will decrease the efficiency of a system. In this context, this paper evaluates the relation between chip rate and capacity in DS/CDMA cellular communication systems considering adjacent channel interference from other systems. First, the classification of adjacent channel interference between two independent DS/CDMA systems is described, and the concrete interference levels are calculated for several chip rates. Then, by using computer simulation, the system CDMA capacity is evaluated under adjacent channel interference. From these results, we can find that the excessively higher chip rate can not always provide the larger system CDMA capacity in spite of the larger process gain, and there exists the appropriate chip rate for a certain given bandwidth.

In inter-vehicle communication (IVC) expectation for spread spectrum techniques is high. However, in a decentralized network environment, power control is difficult and until now perfect power control has been assumed. In this paper the use of sector antennas are proposed as a solution to the problems of power control in inter-vehicle communication. Results are shown for an IVC protocol in both no power control and imperfect power control environments in a realistic fading channel. Omni-directional, uniform sector antennas and non-uniform sector antennas are examined by computer simulation. Non-uniform sector antennas are shown to be the best solution and to have high packet reception rates even for no power control environments.

Inter-vehicle communication has aroused much interest because of its goal of reducing traffic accidents. In a non-platooning situation, where vehicles travel freely, multiple hop (MH) inter-vehicle communication has not yet been examined. In this paper a simple MH broadcast protocol is proposed, and shown to be effective. The effect of several parameters important to a MH network, such as maximum number of hops and data rate, are investigated. Multiple hop is shown to be superior to the conventional single hop (SH) system using non-platoon inter-vehicle communication.

In a time-invariant wireless channel, the multipath that exceeds the cyclic prefix (CP) or the guard interval (GI) causes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems to hardly achieve high data rate transmission due to the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and the inter-carrier interference (ICI). In this paper the new canceller scheme, named as Double Window Cancellation and Combining (DWCC) is proposed. It includes the entire symbol interval, delayed by multipath as a signal processing window and intends to improve the performance by combining the double windows that can be formed by the pre- and post-ISI cancellation and reconstruction to the received OFDM symbol interfered by the multipath exceeding the guard interval. The proposed scheme has two algorithm structures of the DWCC-I and -II which are distinguished by the operational sequence (Symbol-wise or Group-wise) to the OFDM symbols of the received packet and by the selection of the processing window in the iterative decision feedback processing. Since the performance of the canceller is dependant on the equalization, particularly on the initial equalization, the proposed schemes operate with the time and frequency domain equalizer in the initial and the iterative symbol detection, respectively. For the verification of the proposed schemes, each scheme is evaluated in the turbo coded OFDM for low (QPSK) and high level modulation systems (16QAM, 64QAM), and compared with the conventional canceller with respect to the performance and computational complexity. As a result, the proposed schemes do not have an error floor even for 64QAM in a severe frequency selective channel.

The transmit power of Ultra Wideband (UWB) is limited in short range communications to avoid the interference with existing narrow-band communication systems. Since this limits UWB communication range, this paper proposes a novel relay scheme that uses shared frequency repeaters for impulse UWB signal relay to improve system range. After considering possible problems with the repeater, in particular the coupling interference between the input and output and relay-delay, a switching control method is proposed that offers short relay-delay and suppresses the coupling interference at the repeaters. With respect to the proposed relay scheme, Pulse-Position-Modulation (PPM) UWB-based signal relay is evaluated by analyzing its BER performance using the point-to-point transmission link model.

This paper proposes a novel compressing and expanding (companding) system for OFDM wireless communications that minimizes the compression distortion and so reduces the peak power of OFDM symbols. OFDM systems suffer from large variations in instantaneous peak power. Such transients distort the signals when they are passed through a nonlinear high power amplifier (HPA) prior to transmission. Existing companding systems are far from perfect since the receiver can not accurately estimate the degree of compression applied by the transmitter and thus can not regenerate the original signal by expansion; the key problems are the band pass filter (BPF), HPA, and the noise component enhanced by the channel compensation filter. In the proposed companding system, each symbol is divided into segments, and series of consecutive segments are grouped into clusters. Each cluster is multiplied by a weight equal to the inverse of the largest instantaneous power within the cluster. The receiver estimates the weight used for each time cluster. The weights for all clusters are averaged to mitigate the weight estimation error. As a result, the proposed expander can accurately estimate the weights used and thus well suppress the compression distortion.

This paper clarifies properties of the quantum state control communication systems such as the quantum coherent communication systems (QCCS) and the photon communication systems (PCS). We compare properties of these two systems in the case of uncoded and coded schemes. In the former case, the energy-information efficiencies of both systems are given, taking into quantum state control account, and the Fano factor of PCS which corresponds to the same performance to the ideal QCCS is given. In the latter case, the reliability functions of both systems are considered. As a result, it is shown that effects of error correcting code in the PCS are much larger than that in the QCCS.

Trellis-Coded Modulation (TCM) schemes become popular in digital transmission systems to improve error performance. However, demodulation of Trellis-Coded signal is rather difficult. Because TCM schemes need many signal points compared with the uncoded schemes. This leads to a comparatively high probability of cycle slips. In addition, large loop delay caused by decoding can not be avoided when decision feed back type demodulators are used. This paper proposes a novel demodulation method for TCM signal using block demodulation. The block demodulation scheme is a kind of off-line demodulation, which has many advantages. The Viterbi decoder in the proposed block demodulator is used not only for Viterbi decoding but also for carrier estimation. Such a combined processing is done twice for high performance. In addition, a block demodulation scheme is not affected by processing delay. Therefore in the proposed system, carrier estimation becomes accurate, and Viterbi decoding also becomes correct. As a result, it can get coding gains which cannot be obtained by conventional block demodulation methods. And the proposed system can demodulate not only PSK signal but also QAM signal. The performance of the proposed demodulator is confirmed by computer simulation.

This paper shows a Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (SS-DS) demodulator using block signal processing. One of the difficulties in applying SS-DS techniques to the packet radio network is that each packet needs a long initial-acquisition time for despreading. The acquisition time causes the large degradation of the data transmission efficiency. Our proposed SS-DS demodulator uses the block signal processing, unlike the conventional SS-DS demodulators using real time signal processing. Received signal demodulated quasi-coherently is once stored in memory, and after extracting matched-pulse timing and estimating carrier offset, the signal is demodulated. Incoming data, therefore, are all demodulated without being lost by the initial-acquisition time, and our proposed SS-DS demodulator can provide the higher data transmission efficiency.

In this paper, we propose a method of unicast and broadcast packet sharing for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multi-base station (BS) indoor wireless communication system using an adaptive array antenna on mobile terminals. The adaptive array antenna placed on the mobile terminal allows quality improvement due to the diversity effect when the data transmitted from all BSs are the same, and provides capacity improvement by channel sharing when the data from each BS are different. In the proposed sharing method, unicast packets are transmitted independently from multiple BSs in order to increase the communication capacity, and broadcast packets are transmitted simultaneously with other BSs in order to enhance the communication quality without retransmission. Furthermore, by modifying the packet assignment procedure, we confirm that quality can be improved for unicast packets in a low traffic environment.

This letter clarifies properties of cutoff rate R0 of photon channels using coherent state and photon number state as quantum state of light. The relation between cutoff rate improvement and energy saving rate is found, when one uses the number state instead of coherent state.

The plan of High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) is considered as a revolutionary wireless system plan with several economic and technological advantages over both space- or ground-based counterparts. In this paper, we propose a joint system of terrestrial and HAPS cellular for Wideband-CDMA mobile communication. This system makes the conventional terrestrial W-CDMA cellular area smaller and the remainder area covered by HAPS to increase the total capacity. Furthermore in down link channel, we introduce the polarized wave and doughnut-like radiation. However, in the proposed system, the performance would be dependent on the terminal position especially near the boundary of doughnut-like cell zone. To overcome this, site diversity that uses both signals from terrestrial Base Station and HAPS Base Station is also introduced. To confirm the availability of the proposed system, we evaluate the system performance by computer simulation.

Transmit diversity gain can be obtained in cooperative communication by cooperating the multiple users with single antenna. In cooperative communication, in the first step, each mobile station (MS) transmits its own data to both the base station (BS) and the other MS. In the second step, each MS's data is transmitted from the other MS to BS. As a result, transmit diversity gain can be obtained without implementing multiple transmit antennas at MS. In the conventional relay method, if error is detected within the received packet by using cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code, MS transmits its own data to BS instead of relaying the other MS's data in the second step. As a result, transmit diversity gain cannot be obtained. In this paper, we propose a novel cooperative method. In the proposed method, if the CRC decoder detects error within the received packet, MS transmits soft decision symbol which is obtained from the decoded data in second step. As a result, the transmit diversity gain always can be obtained. From the computer simulation, we show that the proposed method can achieve the better error rate performance than the conventional one.