The Global Position System (GPS), which is well known as a global tool for positioning, is also the primary system for time transfer. GPS can deliver very precise time to every corner of the world. Usually, a GPS receiver indicates the precise time by means of the 1PPS (one pulse per second) signal. This paper studies the precise time transfer system structure of GPS receivers and then proposes an effective PPS signal generation method with predictive synchronous loop, combining phase error prediction and dynamic threshold adjustment. A GPS time transfer system is implemented and measured in detail to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm. Assuming the receiver clock rate of 16.368MHz, the proposed method can achieve the accuracy of ±20ns in the scope 1δ which can meet the requirements of the vast majority of occasions. Through a long period of testing, we prove the feasibility of this algorithm experimentally.

Aiming at drastically reducing standby leakage current, an SRAM using Four-Terminal- (4T-) FinFETs, named Flex-Vth SRAM, with a dynamic row-by-row threshold voltage control (RRTC) was developed. The Flex-Vth SRAM realizes an extremely low standby-leakage current thanks to the flexible threshold-voltage (Vth) controllability of the 4T-FinFETs, while its access speed and static noise margin (SNM) are maintained. A TCAD-based Monte Carlo simulation indicates that even when the process-induced random variation in the device performance is taken into account, the Flex-Vth SRAM reduces the leakage current to 1/100 of that of a standard SRAM in a 256256 array, where 20-nm-gate-length technologies with the same on-current are assumed.

We describe an online method for selecting and annotating highlight scenes in soccer matches being televised. The stadium crowd noise and the play-by-play announcer's voice are used as input signals. Candidate scenes for highlights are extracted from the crowd noise by dynamic thresholding and spectral envelope analysis. Using a dynamic threshold solves the problem in conventional methods of how to determine an appropriate threshold. Semantic-meaning information about the kind of play and the related team and player is extracted from the announcer's commentary by using domain-based rules. The information extracted from the two types of audio input is integrated to generate segment-metadata of highlight scenes. Application of the method to six professional soccer games has confirmed its effectiveness.

Traditional soft-handoff algorithms are based on the static threshold handoff algorithm recommended in the IS-95 standard. They are characterized by two parameters, an add threshold Tadd and a drop threshold Tdrop. These two parameters are assumed to have some constant values irrespective of the received signal strength of the pilot in the active set. To improve the performance of the soft-handoff, a dynamic threshold concept was proposed in previous work, where Tadd and Tdrop are dynamically determined according to the received signal strength of the pilot channel in the active set. In this study, previous work of the dynamic threshold algorithm is extended by including additional handoff criteria based on absolute signal strength and/or drop timer. Some functional forms with two new parameters, called boundary thresholds, and slope constant are proposed to dynamically determine Tadd and Tdrop. The dynamic threshold algorithms are compared with static ones in four different cases. Computer simulations show that the dynamic threshold algorithms outperform the static algorithms. We can see that the performance improvements differ from case to case. For example, when a pure dynamic threshold algorithm is compared with a pure static one (case 1), the decrease in the number of active set is about 13.7%. When the absolute threshold and the drop timer are also included in the handoff decision criteria (case 4), however, the decrease is only about 6.2%.

To improve the efficiency for the threshold schemes, the major problem is that the secret shadows cannot be reused after renewing or recovering the shared secret. However, if the secret shadows cannot be reused, the established threshold scheme is limited to be used only once. It is inefficient to reconstruct the whole secret sharing system. Therefore, we introduce an efficient dynamic threshold scheme. In the new scheme, the shadowholders can reuse the secret shadows no matter that the shared secret is renewed or recovered. In addition, the new scheme provides a way by which the dealer can renew the shared secret or reconstruct the secret sharing system, efficiently. Therefore, this scheme is good for maintaining the important secrets.