A novel optical signal splitting method using a holographic transmission grating is proposed for optical communication use. An input beam from a SM-fiber is variably split into two output SM-fibers. Its applicability to the bit-error-free switching of a 1.8 Gbit/s signal is successfully demonstrated.

In order to investigate the dynamic balance function, we have studied about the tracking motion in standing posture. We have analyzed the motion using the multiple regression analysis method. It is found that the regression coeffcients indicate the characteristics of the motion.

In this letter, the temperature properties of laser speckle pattern generated from a multimode optical fiber are studied. It is shown that the power spectral width of speckle intensity variation induced by the temperature change is proportional to the fiber length and the rate of temperature change.

This letter describes transformation of an elliptical emission region of a semiconductor laser into a triple mode pattern of a graded-index optical fiber by a holographic filter. As a result of comparison of experiment with computer simulation, it has been shown that this method is effcient for the above transformation.

In this letter, a method to analyze the steady-state characteristics of multirale IIR adaptive notch filter is proposed. A closed-form expression for the steady-state mean square error of variable coefficient has been obtained. The results of computer simulation are shown which confirm the theoretical prediction.

A numerical design of a coaxial-to-radial line adaptor is presented for the use as a feed in a radial line slot antenna. To realize stable performances in mass production, the reflection from a probe type adaptor in which only the outer conductor of a coaxial line is in contact with the waveguide, is analyzed and suppressed. The tolerance for the change and the errors in the height of the waveguide as well as the bandwidth is highlighted; the advantages of the conical probe over the conventional shorting post and the coax-gap adaptor are emphasized.

A process algebra dACP based on differential equivalence (d-equivalence) and the algebra ACP by Bergstra et al. is proposed. The features of dACP are as follows:Real parallelism can be distiguished from action interleaving.Action refinement is possible under d-equivalence. Thus, dACP resolves the difficulties of ACP caused by the atomicity of actions assumed in ACP. After defining dACP, d-equivalence is shown to imply the original equivalence defined in ACP. Next, it is shown that action refinement can be introduced in a natural way under d-equivalence.

This note presents a new global optimization method and derives a learning schema based on the method for multilayer artificial neural networks. The schema consists of (1) pasting" the admissible region in Rn to a n-D torus Tn and smoothly connecting the potential function at the boundary; (2) global searching along the flow of a nonvanishing vector field on the compact smooth manifold Tn. This flow is featured by the ability of automatically passing through distinct local minima one after another along the negative/positive gradient field. It has also a unit norm everywhere on the Tn, so the searching speed will not slow down in the neighborhood of critical points.

The relationship between steady arc duration and contact resistance characteristics is studied on Ag-Pd30% alloy contacts. The experimental results show that longer arc duration doesn't necessarily cause higher contact resistance, which is the same result as obtained on silver contact.

Multi Step Diakoptics (MSD) is a parallel computation method for solving linear equations. It is used for device simulation, being it executed on a parallel computer. The results show the efficiency of the simulation when the number of nodes that are defined by the five point discretization of semiconductor equations, is over 29.

This letter considers the problem of modeling a nonstationary Gaussian ARMA process. The corresponding approximation problem is formulated on the basis of the theory of canonical representation of the Gaussian process. Further, it will be shown that the solution can be obtained by solving a set of linear equations, as an extension of the Padé approximation established in the stationary case.

With the use of the Fourier-Laplace integral, the impulse response for a two-dimensional model of the Cherenkov-type oscillator is obtained. From the numerical analysis of the impulse response, the temporal evolution of the response is found to have two different phases ini which it grows linearly and exponentially with the distance from the origin where an impulsive excitation is applied.

We analyze the substrate corrent of submicron transistors in the memory cell of ULSI SRAMs in the cases of PMOS and NMOS bit line loads. The lifetime of the transistors is also estimated. The SRAM using an NMOS bit load is found to be better as a hot carrier than that with a PMOS bit load.

An architecture for radix-2, decimation in frequency fast Fourier transform butterfly computation unit is proposed. It operates on 16 bit inputs and uses 'merged core' type of multipliers which reduce hardware components and hence promise smaller chip area. This reduction in area is achieved with negligible increase in computation delay.

This letter describes a new thresholding method for recognizing pattern regions in noisy gray-scale images. Many previously developed thresholding techniques occasionally lead to unreasonable results for noisy images with small pattern occupancies. In the proposed method, the threshold is evaluated on the basis of the difference function of a pair of local histograms for two windows set in the image. The zero-cross point of the function is independent of both the noise spectrum and the pattern ratio, and it coincides with the true threshold. This method is a powerful tool for thresholding noisy gray-scale images that have unknown pattern ratios.

In this letter we present an efficient root finding technique for a polynomial over GF(2m) when m is even number. The solutions that we have ever known are made to accelerate by our technique.

In this letter, an analysis on transmission-characteristics of a new type broadside-coupled strip transmission-line is presented which consists of two center strips placed respectively on the upper- and lower-side surface of a rectangular dielectric substrate with a large dielectric constant and two ground electrodes placed respectively on the other surfaces of the rectangular substrate. Analytical expressions for characteristics of this transmission-line are given througn a conformal mapping technique and numerical results are given to facilitate the design works. Using this new strip-line, microwave miniature multi-stage broadside-coupled filters are easily realized.

The beam-propagation method (BPM) is applied to the evaluation of the loss of S-shaped step-index waveguides. It is demonstrated that the BPM enables us to analyze S-shaped bends which have an offset core and a trench section in the cladding at the outer side of the bend.

An errors-and-erasures decoding procedure for t-error-correcting Reed-Solomon codes with designed distance 2t1 is proposed which corrects some patterns of erasures and errors beyond the BCH bound. In the procedure, a decoding algorithm beyond the BCH bound is applied only when the number of erasures is odd.