The purpose of this study is the real-time estimation of Doppler spectral moments for precipitation in the presence of ground clutter overlap. The proposed method is a frequency domain approach that uses a Gaussian model both to remove clutter spectrum and to estimate weather spectrum. The main advantage of this method is that it does not use processes like several fitting procedures and enables to estimate profiles of precipitation in a short processing time. Therefore this method is efficient for real-time radar observation with high range and time resolution. The performance of this method is evaluated based on simulation data and the observation data acquired by the Ku-band broad band radar (BBR) [1].

The deployment of historical trajectories of moving objects has greatly increased for various applications in road networks. For instance, similar patterns of moving-object trajectories are very useful for designing the transportation network of a new city. In this paper, we define a spatio-temporal similarity measure based on a road network distance, rather than a Euclidean distance. We also propose a new similar trajectory search algorithm based on the spatio-temporal measure by using an efficient pruning mechanism. Finally, we show the efficiency of our algorithm, both in terms of retrieval accuracy and retrieval efficiency.

In this paper, we propose a set of constraints for adaptive broad-band beamforming in the presence of angular errors. We first present spatial and frequency derivative constraints (SFDC) for the design of the quiescent beamformer response. With the wavelet-based blocking matrices, the proposed generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) preserves the desired signal, and it is less sensitive to the broad-band noise. To make this beamformer more robust to the directional mismatch, we add a pseudo-interference algorithm in the weight adaptive process. Analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the angular beamwidth is insensitive to the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

This letter presents a novel approach for traffic light detection in a video frame captured by an in-vehicle camera. The algorithm consists of rotated principal component analysis (RPCA), modified amplitude thresholding with respect to the histograms of the PC planes and final filtering with a neural network. The proposed algorithm achieves an average detection rate of 96% and is very robust to variations in the image quality.

This paper proposes a method of improving reception of digital satellite broadcasting in a moving vehicle. According to some studies, the antennas used for mobile reception will be smaller in the next generation and reception will be more difficult because of a fading multipath channel with delays in a low carrier-to-noise ratio. Commonly used approaches to reduce the inter symbol interference caused by a fading multipath channel with delays are pilot sequences and diversity reception. Digital satellite broadcasting, however, does not transmit pilot sequences for channel estimation and it is not possible to install multiple antennas in a vehicle. This paper does not propose any change to the broadcasting standards but discusses how to process currently available digital satellite signals to obtain better results. Our method does not rely on the pilot sequences or diversity reception, but consists of channel estimation and stochastic inference methods. For each task, two methods are proposed. The maximum likelihood estimation and higher order statistics matching methods are proposed for the estimation, and the marginal with the joint probability inference methods are proposed for the stochastic inference. The improvements were confirmed through experiments with numerical simulations and real data. The computational costs are also discussed for future implementation.

In this paper, an alternative approach is presented, to design equalizers (or matching networks) with commensurate (or equal length) transmission lines. The new method automatically yields the matching network topology with characteristic impedances of the commensurate lines. In the implementation process of the new technique first, the driving point impedance data of the matching network is generated by tracing a pre-selected transducer power gain shape, without optimization. Then, it is modelled as a realizable bounded-real input reflection coefficient in Richard domain, which in turn yields the desired equalizer topology with line characteristic impedances. This process results in an excellent initial design for the commercially available computer aided design (CAD) packages to generate final circuit layout for fabrication. An example is given to illustrate the utilization of the new method. It is expected that the proposed design technique is employed as a front-end, to commercially available computer aided design (CAD) packages which generate the actual equalizer circuit layout with physical dimensions for mass production.

Broadcasting is an elementary operation in wireless multi-hop networks. Flooding is a simple broadcast protocol but it frequently causes serious redundancy, contention and collisions. Probability based methods are promising because they can reduce broadcast messages without additional hardware and control packets. In this paper, the counter-based scheme which is one of the probability based methods is focused on as a broadcast protocol, and the RAD (Random Assessment Delay) Extension is proposed to improve the original counter-based scheme. The RAD Extension can be implemented without additional hardware, so that the strength of the counter-based scheme can be preserved. In addition, we propose the additional algorithm called Hop Count Aware RAD Extension to establish shorter path from the source node. Simulation results show that both of the RAD Extension and the Hop Count Aware RAD Extension reduce the number of retransmitting nodes by about 10% compared with the original scheme. Furthermore, the Hop Count Aware RAD Extension can establish almost the same path length as the counter-based scheme.

This paper describes a vision-based and real-time system for detecting road signs from within a moving vehicle. The system architecture which is proposed in this paper consists of two parts, the learning and the detection part of road sign images. The proposed system has the standard architecture with adaboost algorithm. Adaboost is a popular algorithm which used to detect an object in real time. To improve the detection rate of adaboost algorithm, this paper proposes a new combination method of classifiers in every stage. In the case of detecting road signs in real environment, it can be ambiguous to decide to which class input images belong. To overcome this problem, we propose a method that applies fuzzy measure and fuzzy integral which use the importance and the evaluated values of classifiers within one stage. It is called fuzzy-boosting in this paper. Also, to improve the speed of a road sign detection algorithm using adaboost at the detection step, we propose a method which chooses several candidates by using MC generator. In this paper, as the sub-windows of chosen candidates pass classifiers which are made from fuzzy-boosting, we decide whether a road sign is detected or not. Using experiment result, we analyze and compare the detection speed and the classification error rate of the proposed algorithm applied to various environment and condition.

This letter proposes a Cell-based Hybrid Index (CHI) for energy conserving k Nearest Neighbor search on air. The proposed CHI provides global knowledge on data distribution for fast decision of the search space and local knowledge for efficient pruning of data items. Simulations show that CHI outperforms the existing indexing schemes in terms of tuning time and energy efficiency. With respect to access time, it outperforms them except the distributed indexing scheme optimized for access time.

An indirectly reactive sputtering coater has been developed to deposit various high quality metallic and metal oxide films at high deposition rate. In this letter, several kinds of filters such as antireflection (AR) coating, IR-cut filter, and Rugate filter were deposited for the benchmark test of implemental capabilities. Our coater was established to be a powerful tool for both discrete multilayer and Rugate filters due to high stability and reproducibility of the refractive index and the deposition rate.

A strip line broadside hybrid coupler which is tolerant to manufacturing errors in a multi-layered LTCC substrate has been developed. The tolerance to a displacement error and a thickness variation in the multi-layered LTCC substrate can be achieved by using the tandem arrangement of diagonally shifted coupled lines with adjacent ground walls. It has been demonstrated that the coupling deviation from designed characteristics in our proposed hybrid coupler is very small.

In wireless ad hoc networks, providing an authentication service to verify that the broadcast packet is from the claimed sender without modification, is challenging due mainly to the inherently lossy wireless links. This paper presents a novel Secure and Reliable Broadcasting that reinforces the broadcast authentication with reliability and energy-efficiency capabilities by using the cooperative diversity to superimpose two distinct signals. The proposed protocol achieves significant savings of transmission power and fair assurance of reliability among receivers.

In this paper, we consider the broadcast storm problem in dense wireless ad hoc networks where interference among densely populated wireless nodes causes significant packet loss. To resolve the problem, we apply randomized network coding (RNC) to the networks. RNC is a completely different approach from existing techniques to resolve the problem, and it reduces the number of outstanding packets in the networks by encoding several packets into a single packet. RNC is a kind of linear network coding, and it is suited to wireless ad hoc networks because it can be implemented in a completely distributed manner. We describe a procedure for implementing the wireless ad hoc broadcasting with RNC. Further, with several simulation scenarios, we provide some insights on the relationship between the system parameters and performance and find that there is the optimal length of coding vectors for RNC in terms of packet loss probability. We also show a guideline for the parameter setting to resolve the broadcast storm problem successfully.

Data transmission via audio link on AM radio system is shown to be achievable by using Acoustic OFDM. We employ Acoustic OFDM to embed data onto audio contents that are then broadcast as AM radio signals. We tuned the parameters, and performed experiments. Text data as URL can be delivered to mobile phone through existing MF AM radio system and radios.

A stackable reconfigurable optical add/drop multilplexer has been proposed to give wavelength transparency to IP-over-CWDM networks. It was clarified by experiments that the proposed structure was wavelength transparent.

In next generation mobile multimedia communications, different wireless access networks are expected to cooperate. However, it is a challenging task to choose an optimal transmission path in this scenario. This paper focuses on the problem of selecting the optimal access network for multicast services in the cooperative mobile and broadcasting networks. An algorithm is proposed, which considers multiple decision factors and multiple optimization objectives. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is applied to schedule the service queue and an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to improve the flexibility of the algorithm. Simulation results show that by applying the AHP method, a group of weight ratios can be obtained to improve the performance of multiple objectives. And ANN method is effective to adaptively adjust weight ratios when users' new waiting threshold is generated.

The control and diagnosis networks in Maglev Train are the most important parts. In the paper, the control and diagnosis network structures are discussed, and the disadvantages of them are described and analyzed. In virtue of role automation decentralized system (RoADS), some basic ideas of RoADS are applied in new network. The structure, component parts and application of new network are proposed, designed and discussed in detail. The comparison results show that new network not only embodies some RoADS' ideas but also better meets the demands of control and diagnosis networks in Maglev Train.

It is observed, surprisingly, that existing nearest neighbor search methods in wireless data broadcast may not work effectively on mobile clients with very limited memory space. To resolve this problem, a novel method for nearest neighbor search is introduced in the context of a representative of indexes, the grid-partition index, in wireless data broadcast. In the proposed scheme, a mobile client performs the nearest neighbor search by making a sequential access to index packets according to their broadcast order over a wireless channel. The performance evaluation demonstrates that our approach substantially outperforms limited memory versions of existing methods in terms of access time, while retaining a good energy conservation.

Remote control scheme for the ROADMs (Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multilplexers) were designed, and 3 sets of the ROADM were manufactured for use in IP-over-CWDM networks. The control performance was examined, and lightpaths could be reconfigured successfully by the control.

Broadband access network planning strategies with techno-economic calculations are important topics, when optimal broadband network deployments are considered. This paper analyzes optimal deployment combination of digital subscriber line technologies (xDSL) and fiber to the home technologies (FTTx), following different user bandwidth demand scenarios. For this reason, optimal placement of remote digital subscriber line multiplexer (RDSLAM) is examined. Furthermore, the article also discusses the economy of investments, depending on certain investment threshold and the reach of different xDSL technologies. Finally, the difference between broadband network deployment in a characteristic urban and rural area in Republic of Slovenia, in terms of required optical cable dig length per household is shown. A tree structure network model of a traditional copper access network is introduced. A dynamic programming logic, with recursion as a basis of a tree structure examination and evaluation of optimal network elements placement is used. The tree structure network model considers several real network parameters (e.g.: copper cable lengths, user coordinates, node coordinates). The main input for the optimization is a local loop distance between each user and a candidate node for RDSLAM placement. Modelling of copper access networks with a tree structure makes new extensions in planning optimization of broadband access networks. Optimization of network elements placement has direct influence on efficiency and profitability of broadband access telecommunication networks.