Optimum topologies for the realization of symmetrical bandpass filters with minimum capacitors and minimum opamps are proposed. The derivation of them is largely based on some important results of the GVCS synthesis proposed previously by the author. Design equations for the realization of fourth, sixth and eighth order elliptic bandpass filters are presented in detail and generalized to high order synthesis. Finally the low sensitivity property of the proposed topologies is demonstrated through design examples. Furthermore, some suboptimum topologies, which design equations are much simpler than that for the corresponding optimum topologies, are also presented.

In this paper, a generalized voltage-current simulation (GVCS) of doubly resistively terminated LC bandpass filters, with minimum capacitors that can be equal-valued and minimum opamps is proposed. With the proposed GVCS, some new minimum capacitor minimum opamp topologies for the realization of bandpass filters are derived. The improved sensitivity performance of the derived circuits over that of the cascade design is demonstrated through practical design examples. Furthermore, it is also shown that all of the derived circuits can always be designed to have good dynamic range.

A synthesis of RC active filters based on the simulation of doubly terminated LC filter is presented. In this method, single amplifier grounded immittances (inductors, FDNR's) are used to simulate both floating and grounded elements. The method is quite suitable for simulating bandpass filters with attenuation poles. The design example of 6th order elliptic filter shows low sensitivity characteristics, especially in the passband, that inherit the low-sensitivity nature of LC ladder filters.

Envelope fading, random FM, and time delay spread are the major degradation factors in digital FM land mobile radio transmission systems using VHF/UHF frequencies. Taking these factors into account, the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of minimum-shift-keying (MSK) with differential detection is theoretically analyzed by using a two-path Rayleigh fading model. The postdetection selection diversity is considered in the analysis to clarify improvement in BER performance. Based on the results, it is shown that a preferable transmission rate exists for a typical land mobile propagation environment.

It is of great importance to propose the appropriate quantitative measures for assessing the software performance in software reliability. During the software development phase, a software system is tested to eliminate software errors, which can be detected by a test tool and corrected in accordance with standardized procedures. Then, of our interest is the following: How many statements or steps including the software errors can be corrected up to time t in a program? We consider a software failure process by describing two distinct processes, i.e., the error detection and error correction processes. That is, each software error detection takes place with the counting process on time axis and the error correction can be described by the cumulative process in which the number of the statements or steps corrected for each error detection obeys a Poisson distribution. The stochastic behavior of such a model can be analyzed by applying the theory of cumulative processes. We propose two models based on the nonhomogeneous Poisson process and the De-Eutrophication process. Several useful quantitative measures associated with the total number of statements or steps corrected up to time t are derived. The numerical examples of these measures are shown and two models are compared.

In a multiprocessor system where the number of processors composing the system is increased, and the memory utilization is raised by improving the execution rate of each processor, the reduction of system throughput caused by the memory access conflicts has to be considered substantially. This paper describes the discussion on such an approach that implements a conflict-free data mapping by the use of some sophisticated address translation between logical and physical addresses. This new addressing scheme of a reorganizable memory structure provides the function that allows each processor easily to distribute the operands to be accessed to completely different memory modules, by interlaying the address translation mechanism called address organizer between logical and physical addresses. This approach permits the memory structure to reorganize so as to make it adaptive to the parallelism contained in the problems themselves, and thus also to accomplish the suppression of memory access conflicts spontaneously. Furthermore, conflict-free data mapping being eventually accomplished through an interface of such a hardware as address translation mechanism, this approach has an advantage that the user's logical address space will not be affected in the least.

It is well known in a multiprocessor system that the reduction of the system throughput is chiefly attributable to its memory access conflicts. A new method has been proposed which can avoid the memory access conflicts by means of realizing a conflict-free data mapping through a new technique of reorganizable memory structure. On the other hand, whether or not a parallel processing system is successful does deeply depend on the software design. Most of the algorithms for numeric computations are not suitable for the parallel processing, but usually for the sequential one; accordingly, it is important to develop such an algorithm that takes account of its parallelism. This paper describes some examples of parallel processing algorithms suitable for the proposed multiprocessor system with reorganizable memory structure. The application problems described in this paper involve the fast Fourier transform and the matricx processing, but these are only an example or two out of many application problems. By the use of algorithms as mentioned in this paper, the multiprocessor system with reorganizable memory system can demonstrate its effectiveness and perform the parallel processing without any memory access conflicts.

A full-wave analysis is presented for computing resonant frequencies and the end effect of slot resonators. The formulation is based upon the spectral domain approach, which was first suggested by Itoh and Mittra. The Fourier transformed admittance Green functions are analytically derived to save computer time. The characteristic equation is obtained by Galerkin's procedure in the Fourier transform domain. It is confirmed that the sensitivity of the solutions to the basis functions is small using different basis functions. The resonant frequencies are shown for different structual parameters. The numerical results of the end effect are in good agreement with the experimental results published by other investigators. This analysis can be applied to the design of microwave integrated circuits used the shorted-slot lines, such as microstrip-slot transitions or slot filters.

Splice loss arising from differences in fiber structural parameters such as outer diameter, core diameter, and refractive index difference is studied experimentally and theoretically. Practical formulation for splice loss is made as a function of parameter differences between fibers to be spliced. It is found that the experimental splice loss for conventional graded-index fibers is estimated within an error of 0.1 dB. Considering the fabrication yield rate of fibers as well as splice loss, tolerances of the fiber parameter deviations from the optimum values are determined.

Authors derived an electromagnetic theory of the contactless measuring method of electric conductivity of nonmagnetic semiconductor circular wafer referring to the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, and have got the result for d'd:
(16)
where V is electromotive force induced along measuring coil due to the eddy current in the wafer induced by exciting coil, for the lower frequency range:
f50 MHz, λ6 m, for R 1 m (1')
where R is a symbolic representation of scale of arbitrary element used in this arrangement, and under the condition that the thickness t of the wafer is much smaller than the depth of penetration δ of the semiconductor. We discussed practical measurement of V, especially separation of V and V₀ which is electromotive force induced by direct field from exciting coil to measuring coil, using the phase difference between V and V₀. We use SI unit system and time factor e^jwt in this paper.

This paper shows that the capacitor value spread of the third-order single amplifier lowpass filter can be significantly reduced at the price of a slightly larger resistor value spread. It is found that the sensitivity performance is also improved over that of the conventional equal-resistor design.