We define three parameters for feature extraction of body surface isopotential maps. It was found that these parameters marked different characteristics according to the different patterns of the maps.

This paper considers an availability analysis and an optimal inventory problem for a repairable 1-out-ofN:G system assuming an ordering policy of (s, s+1) type. The system consists of N identical subsystems which constitute 1-out-ofN:G, and each subsystem is a m units series system. Since the system is repairable, the exact evaluation of the system availability is extremely difficult. In this paper, the system availability is obtained by an approximation analysis. The results are reasonably accurate and are much easier than the exact evaluation. Then the optimal inventory problem is discussed. The numerical example shows that the solution is obtained relatively easily when the system consists of highly reliable units.

Ceramic plates and glaze glass are studied as the materials employed in developing a highly reliable glazed ceramic substrate. The glazed ceramic substrate is fabricated by applying a thin coating of glass to a 2 mm thick ceramic plate. The substrate is designed for use in a hybrid IC repeater in the CS-36M submarine cable system. The glazed ceramic substrate must have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the stress under load occurring during the repeater installation, the surface smoothness and heat resistance required during forming of the repeater circuit, and the high electrical resistance to assure long-term, stable operation of the repeater circuit. A comparative study was made of alumina and beryllia for surface form, mechanical strength, heat resistance, and electrical resistance under required conditions for repeater parts in the CS-36M submarine cable system. As a result, an alumina plate with an Al2O3 content greater than 97% was selected as the ceramic plate in view, especially, of its surface form and mechanical strength. The glass used for glaze must have excellent glass formability, heat resistance which allows no change in form up to 600, and long-term, stable electrical resistance. From this point of view, excellent compositions were developed on the basis of SiO2-Al2O3-CaO and SiO2-Al2O3-BaO systems. A large glazed ceramic substrate, 110 mm in diameter, was fabricated using the ceramic plate and glass selected here and it was applied in a repeater in the CS-36M submarine cable system.

From circle to circle correspondence in mapping theory of the linear function Z(ah+b)/(ch+d), it is known that Z also describes a circle when its variable h describes a circle or a straight line. From this point of view, the linear functional expression of bio-electrical impedance having a circular locus was discussed in detail. As a result, it became clear that three types h0, h1 and h2 exist of the variable h and the characteristics of bio-impedance expressions for each of h0, h1 and h2 are follows. For the expression by h0: (1) A polarization impedance having a constant phase angle appears. (2) The most original equation of bio-impedance can be proposed. (3) The linear or nonlinear bio-impedance can be deduced from this original equation. (4) The equivalent circuits satisfying Cole-Cole's circular arc are of two types. For the expression by h1 and h2: (1) These expression correspond to the expression using the combination in group theory of the linear function. (2) The circuit elements of equivalent circuits can not be uniquely determined. (3) Taking account of combination, countless equivalent circuits satisfying Cole-Cole's circular arc exist.

A set of integral equations is derived for a coupling problem in which a wire is energized by an electromagnetic wave through an aperture of a narrow slot. In order to facilitate the numerical treatment, the kernels of the integral equations are simplified so that neither derivatives nor integrals are contained. Typical examples, including a finite and an infinite wire are analyzed using the present integral equations. The currents on the wires and the axial distributions of the slot magnetic currents are demonstrated. It is found that the current induced on the infinite wire is characterized by a traveling wave which does not decay and a wave which dies out rapidly as it travels along the wire.

A boundary element solution is formulated for steady-state convective diffusion equation with the Dirichlet's boundary condition. A simple example is considered in three dimensions. It is shown that the boundary element solution is unconditionally stable. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the boundary element solution, the comparison with finite element solutions is given.

The present paper has the following three major objectives:a) To propose a new hierarchical clustering algorithm based on a powerful distance measure defined by using k-nearest neighbor.b) To discuss the validity problem of clustering.c) To describe the need of the constructed data sets for validation of clustering algorithms and to execute the validation of several algorithms including ours using the data sets.Section 2 describes the authors' view of cluster analysis and cluster itself where discussion is made lying stress on the necessity of establishing the concept of a cluster and developing an efficient clustering algorithm free from any restriction associated with the most existing ones. In Sect. 3, a new hierarchical clustering algorithm is proposed which can be considered as a modified version of single-link algorithm. The algorithm is based on a powerful distance measure defined by using the idea of k-nearest neighbor. In Sect. 4, some four-dimensional data for testing the validity of clustering algorithms is presented along with how to construct them. Section 5 describes some results of computer simulation of several clustering algorithms including ours using the constructed data. The results show the efficiency of out algorithm.

Periodic variations of sum-frequency output are observed in upconversion of 10.6 µm radiation from a CO2 laser in a proustite crystal pumped by a Nd:YAG laser beam and concluded to be caused by multiple reflection of infrared wave which occurs inside the nonlinear crystal.

A Multi-font KANJI Generator has been developed, which can generate dotted Japanese characters KANJI" of several fonts and variable size using less memory than usual KANJI generators. In the compression of JANJI, original KANJI dotted patterns are decomposed into strokes (line segments) according to special rules, which are called ruled strokes, and the coordinates of the start and the end points of the ruled stroke are stored into ROM. Moreover higher data compression is achieved by a special data structure, which allows efficient use of many geometrically similar patterns shared by several KANJI patterns. A variety of KANJI fonts can be generated by changing the rule for the interpolation between the start and the end point of the characterized strokes. The characteristics of this device are; (1) requisite memory capacity is only about 1/4 that of the usual KANJI ROM which is not compressed, (2) three founts and various inclined KANJI patterns can be generated other than the standard MINCHO font, (3) variable character sizes can be generated other than the standard character size, i.e. 2424 dots.

Threshold-voltage instability of MOS transistors in an LSI memory under accelerated operating test conditions at 77K has been studied. It is found that the dominant cause of threshold-voltage instability at 77K is the generation of positive charge which may be associated with the dissociation of Si-H bonds by interaction with hot electrons injected into the gate-oxide.

This paper presents a hybrid-mode analysis for computing the resonant frequencies of a shielded coupled microstrip resonator. This analysis is based upon Galerkin's method in the Fourier transform domain. The computed resonant frequencies of even and odd modes agree will with the measured values for alumina substrates. Furthermore, a variety of numerical data for resonant frequencies are shown.

In the field of computer animation, effective methods are required, because of a large number of complicated line drawings. In this paper, an inbetweening method of animation characters is described for a mini-computer system.

The impulse amplitude distributions (LADs) of impulsive noise received at a narrow-band receiver's input are theoretically derived by postulating physically motivated combinations of spatial distributions of sources and propagations. Good agreements are found between theoretical IADs and measured envelope crossing rate distributions (CRDs) for atmospheric radio noise. Derivation of envelope amplitude probability distributions (APDs) is considered for the input of the derived IADs. Particularly, if the input is represented only by a single power function of the amplitude, derived APDs are found to agree completely with a well known and important category of APDs.

Open strip lines with unbounded regions are analyzed using the boundary element method (BEM) with pseudo-infinite boundary elements which are considered as the semi-infinite boundary of unbounded regions. Numerical results with accuracy show that use of the pseudo-infinite elements used in BEM is available in analyzing the unbounded regions.

A simple forced relaxation oscillator, in which the relation among discharged times is describable by a linear mood 1 mapping on an interval, is discussed. In this circuit, the occurrence of both continuous chaos and synchronous states whose periods relate to a parameter like Cantor Function is shown by using the mapping.

Multipath fading is one of the most serious problems for signal transmission in land mobile radio. To combat this problem, the application of advanced scanning diversity to a digital FM land mobile radio with limiter discriminator detection is described. The basic difference between advanced scanning diversity and conventional scanning diversity is in the switching rate when two diversity antennas are in simultaneous fades. In advanced scanning diversity, the switching rate is set to the optimum switching rate for the periodic switching diversity. The diversity effect on average BER performance is theoretically analyzed. The diversity effect on average BER performance in a 600 bps Manchester coded digital FM signal is verified by laboratory and field tests. The experimental tests prove that the advanced scanning diversity is superior to both scanning diversity and periodic switching diversity.

This paper is concerned with the synthesis of ternary logic function based on NOR-type polypheck. The system of fundamental operators consists of cyclic, inverse cyclic, logical sum and logical product. It is shown that any ternary logic function is represented by the logical sum of at most 2n-order terms. The simplification method in the binary logic system is extendedly applied to the ternary logic system. In synthesizing a ternary logic function based on NOR-type polypheck, the efficient tool, size of term, is newly-introduced. Size of term is defined by the total arithmetic sum of truth values of a term over all assignments of variable values. It has such characteristic that the decreased order of a term results in the increase of the size of the term. The utility of NOR-type polypheck is also discussed. The proposed method is applied to the ternary half-adder function as an example.

Two new algorithms are presented for determining the elements of the matrix function Al of a digital system of which the matrix of dynamics has nonzero elements only in its superdiagonal (ones) and in its last row (a particular combination of the coefficients of the transfer function denominator). Advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms are discussed. It is shown that when using the matrix function Al only for the calculation of the system response, the second algorithm presented here seems to be particulary useful due to the simplicity of its application and due to the fact that it allows us to omit the calculations of the eigenvalues of the matrix of dynamics, which seem to have been necessary for most of the known methods. It also reduces the number of computer operations which must be performed from n3(n-2) using direct matrix multiplication, to n(n-2). The second algorithm can be efficiently used for the determination of the elements of limited power of the matrix of dynamics. Both of the algorithms presented in this paper are particularly useful when applied to the matrix of dynamics of a digital filter, of which the transfer function is presented in the direct form of realization, since, the matrix of dynamics of such a digital system is expressed directly in a proper form.

It is necessary for microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) to avoid performance variations due to non-uniformity in circuit parameters, as well as to improve uniformity for semiconductor wafers. In this paper, resistive elements, resulting in low circuit Q, were introduced into a microwave GaAs monolithic amplifier, to make it insensitive to the circuit parameter variations. Also, an ion implantation technique and the Closely Spaced Electrode FET" structure were adopted to improve the uniformity in FET active layers and resistive layers. These brought about good results. The developed GaAs monolithic amplifier is a 3-stage amplifier. The load for each FET is mainly formed by a resistance and the next stage FET input capacitance, except for the final stage FET. Meander and spiral transmission lines are used for peaking. The developed GaAs monolithic amplifier provides more than 7.5-dB gain from below 100 MHz to 8.5 GHz without any circuit trimming. The amplifier also has low input and output VSWR. Cascading two amplifier chips, more than 14-dB gain could be achieved from below 100 MHz to 8.7 GHz. Both calculated and measured characteristics for the amplifier are comparatively in good agreement. Also, amplifier performance variations due to the circuit parameter variations are discussed comparatively both for resistive matching network and conventional loss-less matching networks.

New splicers and connectors for multimode fibers have been fabricated. They contain precision multi-glass-rod arrangement, made by drawing, for aligning the fibers. In the multirod fabrication, the rod deformation of pyrex glass due to fusing is less than 1% in the rod array direction, in the 9001000 heating temperature range. The small deformation of 1% has no effect on splicing loss and fiber setting on the fabricated grooves. The multirod arrangement exhibits about 1 µm fabrication precision, because of the scaling down effect due to the drawing process. The splicers using a linear-multi-glass-rod arrangement exhibit 0.1 dB average splicing losses and slight loss fluctuation, less than 0.05 dB, in the 20 +60 temperature range. The connectors using a polygonal-multi-glass-rod arrangement exhibit 0.2 dB average connecting losses with index matching and 3.5 µm average off-axes. The splicers and connectors are potentially low in cost.