This paper proposes a high throughput small latent IP packet delivery architecture using ATM technology in a large scaled internet. Data-link network segments, including ATM network segments, are interconnected through routers. A connection oriented IP packet delivery will be provided by IP (including both IPv4 and IPv6) with a certain resource reservation protocol (e.g. RSVP). When the router attached to ATM network segment has a mapping function between the flow-ID (e.g. in the SIPP header) and the VPI/VCI value, the small latent connection oriented IP forwarding can be provided. Also, when the router has cell-relaying functionality, the small latent connectionless IP forwarding can be provided, even in IPv4. The source router, where the source end-station belongs to, will be able to transfer the connectionless IP packet to the destination router, where the destination end-station belongs to, through the concatenated ATM connections (ATM-VCCs) without any ATM-VCC termination point. When all of the network segments are ATM-LAN, the proposed architecture can accommodate about up to 222 (4106) end-stations with two network layer processing points. And when the network is scaled up hierarchally, we can accommodate larger number of end-stations. For example, we can accommodate 1015 end-stations by a three layered network. Then the maximum number of actual network layer processing points between source and destination end-stations can be ten. Here, 1015 is the maximum number of end-stations in ISDN and also it is the target number of accommodated end-stations for IPv6.

Multifrequency microwave radiometry has been investigated for non-invasive measurement of temperatures in a human body. In this paper, we propose a new temperature profile model function, which is based on thermo-physiological considerations, for use in model fitting method of retrieving a temperature profile from a set of multifrequency radiometric data. The microwave radiometric technique using the new model function was tested by numerical simulations against animal experiment and clinical data reported elsewhere. The results show that the microwave radiometric technique can be used effectively to measure temperature profiles in tissues over a depth range from 0 to about 4.5 cm.

The scattering characteristics of a waveguide T-junction with an inductive post are analyzed by the port reflection coefficient method (PRCM), combined with the mode-matching technique. Variation behaviors of the scattering parameters are provided as a function of the operating frequency and the dimensions of the junction. The results are helpful for the design of power dividers using this type of T-junction configuration.

A novel thick ground plane is proposed as a support for a slot-coupled microstrip antenna and as a heat sink for an MMIC installed on the back plane of the active array antenna. A multi-layer structure of ground planes is also studied for the benefit of easy installation of MMICs. The influence of this thick metal ground plane with a mono- and multi-layer has been investigated in detail. Both measured and calculated results of VSWR and calculated results of the back lobe are shown in detail. The calculated results of VSWR agree well with the measurements. It is made clear that the thickness of the ground plane can be extended to twenty times that of the antenna substrate while maintaining the antenna's performance. An LNA composing an MMIC was developed, attached to the back of the antenna, and operated at 23 GHz. The measured results of this active element agree well with calculated ones and confirm the applicability of the novel design.

This paper presents a theoretically best algorithm within the framework of our image noise model for reconstructing 3-D from two views when all the feature points are on a planar surface. Pointing out that statistical bias is introduced if the least-squares scheme is used in the presence of image noise, we propose a scheme called renormalization, which automatically removes statistical bias. We also present an optimal correction scheme for canceling the effect of image noise in individual feature points. Finally, we show numerical simulation and confirm the effectiveness of our method.

A subharmonic injection-locked oscillator (ILO) MMIC chain is proposed for the local oscillators and synthesizers used at millimeter-wave frequencies. A fabricated, primary 11-GHz-band injection-locked oscillator MMIC for the first stage ILO in the ILO-chain MMIC, achieves a wide subharmonic-injection-locking range at the subharmonic factors, 1/n (n=1, 2, 3, ), of 1/1, 1/2 and 1/3. The ILO MMIC abilities for synthesizer applications were confirmed with an injection-locking time of only 100-200 nsec, which is less than 1/100 that of PLL oscillators, and also with free-running oscillation performance and a wide injection locking range within a temperature range of -30 and 80.

A rat-race hybrid-ring which includes a coupled-line called microwave C-section is proposed for size reduction. The perfect input match, isolation, equal power split and certain phase differences between two output ports can be satisfied at center frequency as in a normal hybrid-ring. The size of the proposed circuit becomes smaller than that of a normal rat-race built up with a folded non-coupled 3/4-wavelength transmission line, although the frequency characteristics are slightly damaged by the electromagnetic coupling between two folded strips. Theoretical results based on the even and odd mode decomposition method are in good agreement with those of the experimental circuit fabricated at 1 GHz.

In this paper, we presented an analysis of single and coupled microstrip lines covered with protective dielectric film which is usually used in the microwave integrated circuits. The method employed in the characterization is called partial-boundary element method (p-BEM). The p-BEM provides an efficient means to the analysis of the structures with multilayered media or covered with protective dielectric film. The numerical results show that by changing the thickness of the protective dielectric films such as SiO2, Si and Polyimide covered on these lines on a GaAs substrate, the coupled microstrip lines vary within 10% on the characteristic impedance and within 25% on the effective dielectric constant for the odd mode of coupled microstrip line, respectively, in comparison with the structures without the protective dielectric film. In contrast, the single microstrip lines vary within 4% on the characteristic impedance and within 8% on the effective dielectric constant, respectively. The protective dielectric film affects the odd mode of the coupled lines more strongly than the even mode and the characteristics of the single microstrip lines.

An error correction/detection decoding scheme of binary Hamming codes is proposed. Error correction is performed by algebraic decoding and then error detection is performed by simple likelihood ratio testing. The proposed scheme reduces the probability of undetected decoding error in comparison with conventional error correction scheme and increases throughjput in comparison with conventional error detection scheme.

A P-Fuzzy Switching Function is a meaningful class of fuzzy switching functions that is representable by a logic formula consisting of prime implicants. This paper aima at extracting knowledge represented as prime implicants from a given learning data. The main results are the necessary and sufficient conditions for the learning data to be representable with P-fuzzy switching functions, and to be determined by unique logic formula.

The firing squad synchronization problem is considered for defective cellular automata. A lower bound of time tf for the problem is derived. The state complexity to solve the problem is investigated and it is shown that the state set has to be arbitrary large to obtain solutions of time complexity (n). For memory-augmented defective cellular automata a tf-time solution is given.

The subject is the horizontal coil's temperature rise in DY for high frequency by being unavoidable for the tendency of more information on display monitor equipments. Writers made the temperature-balance model from a point of view that this temperature rise is coming from the heat rise and the conductivity, and we expressed the temperature rise of DY by using amount of the heat rise and conductivity characteristics of each element. Also, we indicated the method to decide about the selection of the wire size of coils, the section area and deflection sensitivity, with regard to reducing the temperature rise. We confirmed the effect of the temperature rise reduction by about 9 on products, under the condition of 64 kHz horizontal frequency.

This paper presents a new structure for noise and echo cancelers based on a combined fast abaptive algorithm. The main purpose of the new structure is to detect both the double-talk and the unknown path change. This goal is accomplished by using two adaptive filters. A main adaptive filter Fn, adjusted only in the non-double-talk period by the normalized LMS algorithm, is used for providing the canceler output. An auxiliary adaptive filter Ff, adjusted by the fast RLS algorithm, is used for detecting the double-talk and obtaining a near optimum tap-weight vector for Fn in the initialization period and whenever the unknown path has a sudden or fast change. The proposed structure is examined through computer simulation on a noise cancellation problem. Good cancellation performance and stable operation are obtained when signal is a speech corrupted by a white noise, a colored noise and another speech signal. Simulation results also show that the proposed structure is capable of distinguishing the near-end signal from the noise path change and quickly tracking this change.

This paper studies the problem of reconstructing a planar surface from stereo images of multiple feature points that are known to be coplanar in the scene. We present a direct method by applying maximum likelihood estimation based on a statistical model of image noise. The significant fact about our method is that not only the 3-D position of the surface is reconstructed accurately but its reliability is also computed quantitatively. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by doing numerical simulation.

This paper studies a video storage problem that occurs in Video-on-Demand (VOD) networks and in other distributed database systems. Videos should be stored in order to respect various constraints, especially available storage and transmission capacities. We show there exists an algorithm to solve this combinatorial problem through a pricing mechanism and that it converges to a solution under some general conditions. Simulation results with up to 43-node networks and up to 300 videos show that the algorithm is fast.

In this paper, we develop parallel scrambling techniques for the distributed sample scrambling (DSS), which are directly applicable to the bit- and multibit-interleaved multiplexing environments. We first consider how to realize PSRGs, parallel samplings and parallel corrections for the multibit-parallel DSS (MPDSS), which are the fundamental problems in realizing the MPDSS scramblers and descramblers. The results are summarized in three sets of theorems, and a corollary is attached to each theorem to specifically handle the case of the parallel DSS (PDSS). The theorems and corollaries are supported by examples that demonstrate the relevant MPDSS scramblers and descramblers.

We are developing multimodal man-machine interfaces through which users can communicate by integrating speech, gaze, facial expressions, and gestures such as nodding and finger pointing. Such multimodal interfaces are expected to provide more flexible, natural and productive communications between humans and computers. To achieve this goal, we have taken the approach of modeling human behavior in the context of ordinary face-to-face conversations. As the first step, we have implemented a system which utilizes video and audio recording equipment to capture verbal and nonverbal information in interpersonal communications. Using this system, we have collected data from a task-oriented conversation between a guest (subject) and a receptionist at company reception desk, and quantitatively analyzed this data with respect to multi-modalities which would be functional in fluid interactions. This paper presents detailed analyses of the data collected: (1) head nodding and eye-contact are related to the beginning and end of speaking turns, acting to supplement speech information; (2) listener responses occur after an average of 0.35 sec. from the receptionist's utterance of a keyword, and turn-taking for tag-questions occurs after an average of 0.44 sec.; and (3) there is a rhythmical coordination between speakers and listeners.

Multifrequency microwave radiometry for non-invasive measurement of temperature in biological objects has been investigated in our laboratory. An open-ended rectangular waveguide filled with a dielectric has been used as a contact-type antenna of a radiometer operating over a 1-4GHz range. In the radiometric measurement, the radiometer measures the thermal radiation emitted by the object via the antenna as the brightness temperature. The brightness temperature is related to the physical temperatures in the object through the radiometric weighting function. By virtue of the reciprocity of antenna, the weighting function can be derived from the field distribution induced in the object by the same antenna when it is operated in the active mode. In this paper, the FD-TD method is used to analyze the problem of coupling between the rectangular waveguide antenna and a biological object. The objects studied in this paper are a homogeneous and a four-layered lossy media. Working frequency is 1.2GHz, which is the center frequency of the lowest-frequency band of our radiometer. Numerical results are presented in the form of SAR patterns. It is found that the SAR patterns tend to spread out in the lateral directions in the bolus, skin and fat layers due to the diffraction which becomes stronger at lower frequencies. Results also suggest that the lateral spreading can be controlled to a certain extent by choosing the size elf antenna flange properly.

Recent works have shown that the size reduction of printed dipole antennas was possible thanks to a proper shaping of the radiating element. Following the same idea (choice of suitable shape), a shortened slot fed patch antenna exhibiting two step discontinuities, is described, analysed and optimized with a simple transmission line model. The shortening ratio (ρ) can reach 80% for matched antenna, printed on a substrate with a low dielectric constant (εr=2.2). The calculated results of input impedance are validated by experiment.

Microwave radiometry has been investigated for non-invasive measurement of temperature in human body. Recent trends are to explore the capability of retrieving a temperature profile or map from a set of brightness temperatures measured by a multifrequency radiometer operating in a 1-6GHz range. The retrieval of temperature from the multifrequency measurement data is formulated as an inverse problem in which the number of independent measurement or data is limited (7) and the data suffer from considerably large random fluctuations. The standard deviation of the data fluctuation is given by the brightness temperature resolution of the instrument (0.04-0.1K). Solutions are prone to instabilities and large errors unless proper solution methods are used. Solution methods developed during the last few years are reviewed: singular system analysis, bio-heat transfer solution matched with radiometric data, and model-fitting combined with Monte Carlo technique. Typical results obtained by these methods are presented to indicate a crosssection of the present-state-of-the-development in the field. This review concludes with discussions on the radiometric weighting function which connects physical temperatures in object to the brightness temperature. Three-dimensional weighting functions derived by the modal analysis and the FDTD method for a rectangular waveguide antenna coupled to a four layered lossy medium are discussed. Development of temperature retrieval procedures incorporating the 3-D weighting functions is an important and challenging task for future work in this field.