A novel structure of bandpass filter using NRD guide E-plane resonators is proposed. The NRD guide E-plane resonator is constructed by inserting metal foils in the E-plane of NRD guide. Simulation, fabrication and handling of the filter are very easy because each resonator is separated by simple metal foils. Chebyshev response bandpass filters are designed based on the theory of direct-coupled resonator filters and fabricated at 60 GHz. Simulated and measured filter performances agreed well with the design specifications. Insertion losses of the fabricated filters were found to be around 0.3 dB for 3-pole filter and 0.5 dB for 5-pole bandpass filter, respectively.

An electron transfer mediated amperometric enzyme biosensor based on a plasma-polymerized thin film of dimethylaminomethylferrocene (DMAMFc) is reported. A nanoscale thin polymer film containing a redox mediator was plasma-deposited directly onto an electrode with physisorbed glucose oxidase (GOD). Since the redox sites were introduced in the vicinity of the reaction centers of GOD, a highly efficient electron transfer system was formed in which almost all the reaction centers of GOD were connected to redox sites of the polymer matrix. The advantages of this strategy were: no need for prior or further chemical modification of the enzyme molecules, and simplicity of design compared with the use of a conventional polymer matrix. Moreover, the fact that the film deposition was performed using a microfabrication-compatible organic plasma promised great potential for high-throughput production of bioelectronic devices.

We present a TSK (Takagi-Sugeno-Kang)-based Linguistic Fuzzy Model (TSK-LFM) with uncertain model output. Based on the Linguistic Model (LM) proposed by Pedrycz, we develop a comprehensive design framework. The main design process is composed of the automatic generation of the contexts, fuzzy rule extraction by Context-based Fuzzy C-Means (CFCM) clustering, connection of bias term, and combination of TSK and linguistic context. Finally, we contrast the performance of the presented models with other models for coagulant dosing process in a water purification plant.

Molecular aligned naphthacene thins films were fabricated using vacuum evaporation and the rubbing method. The attenuated total reflection (ATR) and emission light properties from surface plasmon (SP) excitation due to molecular luminescence were investigated for these films. The long axis of the rod-like molecule was estimated to align perpendicular to the rubbing direction. The ATR and emission light properties depended on the molecular orientation.

This paper describes optimization of H10-to- E01 mode converter by way of a right-angle E-plane junction (RAJ) between a rectangular waveguide and a circular waveguide in a waveguide rotary joint. Requirements for the optimized mode converter are formulated to provide the conjugate matching condition and analytical formulas for the rotary joint. A novel design procedure of the mode converter is proposed. An excellent performance of the mode converter fabricated for the Ka-band rotary joint is proved by computer simulation and the experimental results. The return loss and the insertion loss rotational effect are less than -25 dB and 0.02 dB in the 10% bandwidth, respectively.

A multiple-places reservation discipline is studied in a discrete-time priority queueing system. We obtain the joint distribution of system state, from which the delays of high and low priority packets are derived. Comparison is made with the cases of FIFO, single-place reservation discipline and HOL priority.

We developed an olfactory display to blend 8 component odors at any composition. The solenoid valves controlled by an algorithm with delta sigma modulation showed the sufficient capability. Then, we developed a system for presenting a movie together with scents. We actually made a movie with scents and evaluated it using questionnaire survey. It was found that the scene with smell attracted the experimental subjects' attention and, moreover, the contrast of the pleasant smell with the offensive one emphasized their attention. Furthermore, we established several guidelines for producing movies with scents.

A new compact line equalizer is proposed for backplane serial link applications. The equalizer has two control blocks. The feed-forward swing control block determines the optimal low frequency level and the feedback control block detects signal shapes and decides the high-frequency boosting level of the equalizer. Successful equalization is demonstrated over a 1.5 m long PCB trace at 3.125-Gb/s by the circuit realized with 0.18 µm CMOS process. The circuit occupies only 0.16 mm2 and consumes 20 mW with 1.8 V supply.

A high-speed drive technique is introduced in which addressing is done by eliminating, instead of accumulating, the wall charges. In the proposed scheme, wall charges are accumulated in all the cells in advance, and then the address discharges take place in selected cells to eliminate the wall charges. Sustain discharges are generated in these cells. In order to realize the proposed address scheme, re-designing of a setup waveforms was necessary. The data pulse of 1.33 µs wide and 84 V was realized in a Ne+10%Xe PDP. A contrast of 3,600:1 was obtained by providing one setup period in a TV field.

This letter proposes an efficient method to find the optimum subfield code, which minimizes the visual artifacts on the motion pictures of the plasma display panel (PDP). Existing codes were constructed to reduce dynamic false contour (DFC) only, and they are fixed codes used for every image. In contrast, the proposed method aims to minimize the total artifacts by DFC and halftone noise (HN), and it finds the best code for a given image, dynamically. First, this letter presents the novel models to estimate the effect of DFC and HN for given codewords and a given image. Then, it presents an efficient method that finds the optimum code for a given image using the well-known shortest-path algorithm. Experimental results, using 459 HDTV images, illustrated that the proposed approach improved the average PSNR by 0.713 dB and 7.004 dB in DFC and HN, respectively, when compared with Gravity Centre Code [1].

A 3 dimensional (3D) error diffusion method based on edge detection for flat panel display (FPD) is presented. The new method diffuses errors to the neighbor pixels in current frame and the neighbor pixel in the next frame. And the weights of error filters are dynamically adjusted based on the results of edge detection in each pixel's processing, which makes the weights coincide with the local edge feathers of input image. The proposed method can reduce worm artifacts and improve reproduction precision of image details.

We have developed a stereoscopic large LED display with parallax barrier for use by the general public and stereoscopic cameras to show real world images in 3D. This paper aims to analyze stereoscopic camera separation and convergence angle to make the most use of a field of interest and the reproducible space provided by the large stereoscopic LED display. We describe the principle of a stereoscopic LED display with a parallax barrier and its reproducible space that is determined by the allowable range of disparity to fuse stereoscopic images. By using a model of stereoscopic imaging and display process, we introduce the formulas of the reproduced positions on our developed stereoscopic LED display. Furthermore, we analyze relationships between the stereoscopic camera separation, the convergence angle, the area of a field of interest, and the depth range of the reproduced space. The results show there are four categories in camera configurations: there are three kinds of camera configurations that have different characteristics and one configuration that is not recommended. Category A configuration reproduces a wide area of the field of interest in a long range of depth. Category B functions as a reduction of the field of interest. Category C functions as a magnification of the field of interest. In Category D, a narrow area of the field is reproduced in a short range of depth. In particular, for use by stereoscopic LED display with a rather low resolution, Category A and Category C are recommended because they fully use the reproducible positions.

To give comprehensive and consecutive understanding about load line regulation in the previous companion paper [1], more generalized expansion and theoretical derivation will be proposed in this paper. The paper provides an alternative current control approach to control the bias voltage compensation for full-color LED display based on the load-line approach. Modeling and formulation of the driver circuit system will be discussed in detail. Bias voltage compensation based on three load-lines regulation will keep the operating point fixed for the three color cells. Many properties can be observed based on the proposed model. Parasite effect such as the stray resistor and the stray capacitor will be considered in this paper. The associated standard RGB color testing for color cells and white color testing will be illustrated to verify the proposed compensation for the display driver circuit. The objectives of the luminance uniformity and the gray scale control can be achieved by using circuit approach. It is believed that this paper will be helpful to the driver circuit technology for the full-color LED display.

The development of a small and multiband antenna plays an important role in the rapidly growing mobile communication market. This paper presents the design of a novel small and wideband planar inverted F-antenna which simultaneously covers GSM850/GSM900/DCS1900/IMT2000/WLAN/DMB services. The proposed antenna consists of a main patch with a pair of slits and L-shaped patch, occupying a total volume of 15366 mm3. A very wide impedance bandwidth characteristic was achieved by optimizing both the gap distance between the feed line and L-shaped patch, and also the lengths and widths of a pair of slits on the main patch, which is excited by the modified CPW-fed line. The average gains at the frequencies of 850, 2000 and 2600 MHz were -2.51, -1.42 and -1.68 dBi, respectively. The overall shape of the radiation patterns is suitable for mobile communications.

We propose here a composite right/left handed transmission line constructed by using conductor-backed coplanar strips. In this line, we can easily realize a shunt inductor without via because it has the electric-wall symmetry at the guide center. The left-handed nature is verified by both the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) and the equivalent-circuit calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the proposed line can easily satisfy the balanced condition for no band gap between the right-handed and the left-handed modes, and can be applied to a leaky-wave antenna, numerically and experimentally.

This letter presents mutual coupling reduction in an E-plane arranged microstrip patch array fed by a triplate waveguide. Five mushroom-like electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) elements arranged in one column are embedded both between two radiating patches and between the feeding lines for suppression of the surface wave and the parallel plate mode, respectively. Validity of the proposed EBG elements is confirmed by the measurement.

We propose a wave analysis method for probe-fed Radial Line Planar Antennas (RLPAs) which yields an approximate solution for the aperture field distribution and scattering by loaded probes. Damping of electric power in the radial line due to radiation by antenna elements is included. The method can accommodate the effect of all conductors, including the terminating wall, by introducing the concept of equivalent posts. We have found good correspondence between the measured and calculated values of the aperture field distribution. The proposed method is effective for general geometries of probe-fed RLPAs.

Nonlinear modeling of complex irregular systems constitutes the essential part of many control and decision-making systems and fuzzy logic is one of the most effective algorithms to build such a nonlinear model. In this paper, a new approach to fuzzy modeling is proposed. The model considered herein is the well-known Sugeno-type fuzzy system. The fuzzy modeling algorithm suggested in this paper is composed of two phases: coarse tuning and fine tuning. In the first phase (coarse tuning), a successive clustering algorithm with the fuzzy validity measure (SCFVM) is proposed to find the number of the fuzzy rules and an initial fuzzy model. In the second phase (fine tuning), a moving genetic algorithm with partial encoding (MGAPE) is developed and used for optimized tuning of membership functions of the fuzzy model. Two computer simulation examples are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed modeling approach and compare it with other modeling approaches.

The minimum vertex ranking spanning tree problem is to find a spanning tree of G whose vertex ranking is minimum. This problem is NP-hard and no polynomial time algorithm for solving it is known for non-trivial classes of graphs other than the class of interval graphs. This paper proposes a polynomial time algorithm for solving the minimum vertex ranking spanning tree problem on outerplanar graphs.

This article presents the analysis of the Bragg scattering phenomenon which has been observed in the images of machine-planted rice paddies acquired by the JERS-1 L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The simultaneous measurements of rice plants were made at the SAR data acquisition times. Large differences of 20-25 dB in image intensity between the transplanting and ripening stages are found to be dependent on the planting direction and bunch separation. This selective image enhancement is a result of the Bragg resonance backscatter due to the double-bounce of incident L-band microwave between the flooded water surface and periodically planted bunches of rice plants. Support for the idea of double-bounce scattering is provided by the decomposition analysis of L-band and X-band polarimetric Pi-SAR data; and a simple numerical simulation based on the physical optics model shows fairly good agreement with the JERS-1 SAR data. The results presented in this paper is mainly of academic interest, but a suggestion can be made on the selection of suitable microwave band for monitoring rice fields.